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Classification of Living Organisims

1. Classification of Living Organisims. Classification is the grouping of objects based on similarities. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems. ( six kingdoms ). 2. Classification.

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Classification of Living Organisims

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  1. 1 Classification of Living Organisims Classificationis the grouping of objects based on similarities. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems. (six kingdoms)

  2. 2 Classification • Classification is an important process in understanding how organisms are related and how they are different. • Taxonomyis the branch of biology that studies the grouping and naming of organisms.

  3. 3 Aristotle • Ancient Greece— • Aristotle (384 BC to 322 BC) was the first to use a classification system. • classified living things into twocategories: plants and animals. • Plants-shrubs, herbs, or trees. • Animals -according to where they lived. His classification system was based on structural differences that were seen.

  4. 4 Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) • Swedish Botantist Considered to be the Father of modern Taxonomy based his classification on characteristics of organisms that were similar. Developed the two word system used to identify species: binomial nomenclature.

  5. 5 Linnaeus used Latin for the Names of his categories, because this was the language of educated people and not likely to change whereas an everyday language is likely to change. Clip on next slide

  6. 6 Binomial nomenclature • Because scientists speak many different languages and common names for organisms may vary from place to place, a universal system for naming organisms is used. • The scientific name of an organism is based on atwo-word systemcalledbinomial nomenclature.

  7. 7 Quercus alba: is the name for white oak (alba is Latin for “white”) Quercus rubra: is the name for the red oak (rubra is Latin for “red”) Micropterus salmoidesis the name for a largemouth bass

  8. 8 Binomial nomenclature • The two words, genus and species, are always italicized (or underlined). • The first word in a scientific name, genus, is always capitalized and the second word, species, is never capitalized. • For example the scientific name of the largemouth bass would be Micropterus salmoides (or Micropterus salmoides).

  9. 9 • In addition to(1)appearanceand (2)behavior, (3)molecular structure (e.g., DNA) and(4)evolutionary relationshipsare alsoconsidered when classifying organisms. • Organisms that share more similarities are more closely related and are grouped together.

  10. 10 Eight levels of classification Domain Least alike Most alike

  11. 11

  12. 12 Example: Human Classification • Domain: Eukarya • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Mammalia • Order: Primate • Family: Hominidae • Genus: Homo • Specific : sapiens How would you write the scientific name? a. homo Sapiens b. Homo sapiens c. Homo Sapiens

  13. 14

  14. 15 KINGDOMS OF LIFE

  15. 16 Six Kingdoms of Life Plantae Protista Eu- Bacteria Animalia Archae - Bacteria Fungi

  16. 17 • Three Domains and Six Kingdoms: • Three Domains: • Bacteria- Unicellular and prokaryotic. Autotrophic and Heterotrophic. Cell walls have peptidoglycan. • Kingdoms: Eubacteria • Archaea- Unicellular and prokaryotic. Cell walls do not have peptidoglycan. • Kingdoms: Archaebacteria • Eukarya- Eukaryotic • Kingdoms: Protista, Plantae, • Fungi, Animalia.

  17. 18 Bacteria Protista Fungi • Eubacteria & Archaebacteria • Prokaryotes • Unicellular • Heterotropic and autotrophic • Eukaryotes • Unicellular and multicellular • Heterotropic and autotrophic • Eukaryotes • Unicellular or multicellular • Heterotrophic

  18. 19 Plantae Animalia • Eukaryotes • Multicellular • Autotrophic • Eukaryotes • Multicellular • Heterotrophic

  19. 20 6 Kingdoms of Life Clip on next slide

  20. 21 Evolutionary relationship between the kingdoms. Clip on next slide

  21. 22 • A tool to identify organisms is called a dichotomous key. • It is made from pairs of contrasting characteristics (e.g., has wings/does not have wings).

  22. 23 EOCT ALERT!!!! • A multicellular organism that obtains its food by absorbing nutrients from the soil belongs to the kingdom • A Animalia • B Fungi • C Plantae • D Protista

  23. 24 The study of animals is known as A botany B ecology C taxonomy D zoology

  24. 25 In 1988, the tiger swallowtail, Papilio glaucus, was proclaimed Georgia’s state butterfly. The tiger swallowtail shares the most characteristics with members of which taxonomic level? • A class • B family • C order • D phylum

  25. 26 One main difference between members of the Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia is the ability to A obtain energy B reproduce C move D exchange gases

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