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The Water:Energy Nexus Simultaneous solutions or dual disasters?. Jeff Fulgham Chief Sustainability Officer GE Power & Water. 62.2. Billions of kW hours. (In billion cubic meters). 2x Electricity. 3x Water. 50.2. 40,000. Emerging. 35,000. Developed. 30,000. 19.9.
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The Water:Energy Nexus Simultaneous solutions or dual disasters? Jeff Fulgham Chief Sustainability Officer GE Power & Water
62.2 Billions of kW hours (In billion cubic meters) 2x Electricity 3x Water 50.2 40,000 Emerging 35,000 Developed 30,000 19.9 *at same consumption rate 20 25,000 20,000 15 15,000 10 10,000 5 5,000 0 0 2008 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 U.S. Spain Brazil India Russia Algeria Korea France China Japan SA Global 2030 needs
Water:Energy Nexus REDUCE before we PRODUCE Both challenges must be addressed together
Nexus #1: 6-19% of a city’s energy demand used to produce, treat & transport water ENERGY WATER
Solution #1: Distributed water & power… right mix, right place, right price WATER ENERGY
Nexus #2: Higher technology to treat impaired water requires higher energy demand ENERGY WATER Membrane Other O&M* ~33% Capital ~33% Energy ~33% Thermal (MED) Other 24% Capital 31% Energy 45% * Membrane replacement, Chemicals, Labor, Maintenance
1.25 Cost of Desalination 1.00 0.75 Cost of Water $/m3 Cost Water Reuse 0.50 Cost of ‘Traditional’ Water Supply 0.25 2010 1996 Solution #2: Joint technology development driving energy and cost out WATER ENERGY The cost of desalination with GE membranes has fallen by more than 80% in the last two decades
Opportunity #2: Technology development driving energy and cost out $$ SHORT TERM • High-Flux Membrane Systems • Chem/Membrane/Equip Integration • Advanced Pretreatment • Next-Generation Electrical Processes • Nano technologies • Solar & Low Grade Heat Integration LONG TERM • High-Efficiency Membrane Materials • SWRO-PRO/RED Integration • Renewable Energy Integration • Nano-tube Active Transport • Additive Particulate Separation • Forward desalinationn 2008 2012 2016 2020
Nexus #3: Declining reservoir levels reduce hydro generating capacity ENERGY WATER
Natural Gas Bioenergy Geothermal Hydrogen Solar Hydro Wind Solution #3: Reduce consumption, replenish reservoirs, alternative energy WATER ENERGY Cauley Creek water reuse facility…restoring lake levels by treating municipal wastewater
Nexus #4: Power generation requires large quantities of water ENERGY WATER >50% of global industrial water consumption is used to generate power
Water in Align optimum water source with consumption need Source To Use Optimize water & energy consumption in boiler, cooling and fuel systems Process & Utilities Convert waste streams into value & minimize risk Waste To Value Waste out Solution #4: Reduce water consumption per MW produced
Nexus #5: Energy exploration & production generates massive wastewater ENERGY WATER
Solution #5: Advanced wastewater solutions reduce losses & enable water reuse WATER ENERGY
Nexus #6: Emerging market’s huge energy demand creates huge water demand ENERGY WATER
Solution #6: Emerging market’s water and energy challenges can be solved simultaneously WATER ENERGY
High scarcity, low cost … where is the motivation to conserve? Nexus #7 Water pricing & policies provide little incentive for change Renewable water resources per capita Total water + wastewater cost per m3 by country
Solution #7: National long-term policy critical China: 100GW Wind by 2020 EU: 20% by 2020 National policies n Renewables n Water Spain: 11% reuse today … 40% by 2015 India: -20 GW Solar by 2022 Saudi Arabia: 11% reuse today …65% by 2016 Israel: 85% reuse today 90% by 2016 Water data source: GWI Renewables data source: REN21 Many countries taking action … US currently stalled
We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. ~Thomas Fuller