The Second Great Awakening

1. The Second Great Awakening Precursor to Reform Movements in Early 19th Century America

2. Purpose and Experience The purpose of this tutorial is to familiarize yourself with the Second Great Awakening (a religious movement that had a profound affect on Americans in the early 1800s). You will be learning about this movement from both the perspective of a participant and a preacher. You will encounter several “checkpoints” along the way to check your knowledge, as well as complete a final questionnaire (using Quizlet). To begin, click on the play button.

3. Objectives • By the end of this tutorial you will be able to: • Describe the Second Great Awakening. • Prepare to evaluate the role of religion in shaping antebellum reform movements.

4. Pathways Background Participant Preacher Finished all three? Click here:

5. Background Before the Movement and Key Terms

6. Checkpoint: Prior Knowledge Earlier this year we studied colonial America (13 British colonies). In general, did most colonists follow a religion? No Yes

7. Correct! • Recall: There were several groups of colonists that were religious. From the Puritans to the Catholics, America has been greatly influenced by religious beliefs. That is why so many of our important documents have religious undertones (ex. “In God we trust.”). • Ready to move on? Click the play button!

8. Incorrect • Looks like you need a bit of a refresher on the 13 colonies. • Recall: There were several religious groups that were represented in the 13 British colonies. • Catholics: Founded the colony of Maryland as a refuge (safe place, escape from persecution in England) • Puritans: settled in Massachusetts – had strong religious beliefs and wanted to change the church of England • Pilgrims: religious separatists (group that broke away from the established church in England) • And many more! • Got it? Let’s try the question again.

9. Predestination • During the colonial era, many American Protestants (Christians that were not Catholics) believed in Predestination. • Predestination is the belief that God decided in advance which people would attain salvation after death. • This belief led many people to worry that they could do nothing to be saved from eternal suffering. • The Second Great Awakening offered people a different perspective that gave them a new hope for salvation.

10. Free Will • The Second Great Awakening stressed free will rather than predestination. • This meant that individuals could choose to save their souls by their own actions.

11. Protestant: a follower of any Christian denomination that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation • Separatist: a person who withdraws (breaks away from) a church • Predestination: the belief that God has previously determined those who will receive salvation • Salvation: deliverance from the power or penalty of sin Key Terms In this section you have encountered several new terms that you need to know before you can experience this movement hand. Take a few minutes to review these terms before moving on. You will be quizzed on the terms at the end of this tutorial.

12. Participant Be part of the crowd

13. Your name is James B. Finley. You were born in North Carolina in 1781. • You are the son of a minister and have seen and experienced several revivals (huge outdoor meetings). • Your passion is farming and hunting so you choose a quiet life with your family out in the wilderness. • However, an experience in your later life will change your mind about this decision and you will choose a different path for your family. Scenario Your story

14. The Meeting • As a minister’s son, you have seen religious meetings first-hand many times. At this particular meeting, you notice several things about the crowd. Here is what you see: • “The vast sea of human beings [seem] to be agitated as if by storm. [You count] several ministers all preaching at once… Some of the people [are] singing, others praying, some crying for mercy.” • All around you, people are reacting to the words of these enthusiastic preachers. It makes it hard to stay an observer!

15. The Meeting

16. Checkpoint: Participant • Recall: Let’s see what you learned from this section. • This is a huge outdoor meeting where preachers spoke to large enthusiastic crowds. Reformation Revival

17. Correct! • Revivals were the huge outdoor meetings where crowds gathered. You got it! • Click the play button to return to the home menu.

18. Incorrect • The Reformation was when the Christian church split into two segments: Protestant and Catholic. • Revivals were large outdoor meetings where preachers preached to enthusiastic crowds. They were the key component of the Second Great Awakening. • Let’s try that again. Click the button to go back to the question.

19. Preacher Orchestrate the experience

20. Your name is Charles Grandison Finney. You were born on August 29, 1792 in Warren, Connecticut. • You are the youngest of 15 children and the son of farmers. • You never attended college, but are well-respected and known in your community. • At the age of 29, you studied to become a Presbyterian minister and you become a well-known revivalist preacher as a result. Scenario Your story

21. Goals and Ideas • Your goal in preparing to speak to the crowd of people coming to hear your words at the next meeting is to bring them to the emotional realization that they need salvation. • This salvation, you will preach, comes from a belief in God and a repentance from sin. • You will NOT prepare a detailed sermon from which you will read word by word to your listeners. • Instead, you will study a few key concepts and scripture passages and then preach in the heat of the moment.

22. Anti-Slavery • Not only do you preach about religious matters, but you often speak out against slavery from the pulpit. • As president of Oberlin College in Ohio, you are successful in leading the movement to educate both women and African Americans in the same classrooms as white men.

23. Charles Grandison Finney Review YouTube Clip

24. Checkpoint: Preacher • Recall: Let’s see what you learned from this session. • Preachers in the Second Great Awakening spent many hours preparing detailed sermons that they would follow exactly as they spoke to large crowds of people. True False

25. Correct! • Preachers spent many hours dwelling on the subject, rather than preparing and memorizing sermons. • The goal was to engage the crowd and allow for emotional emphasis. • This style of preaching is called “extemporaneous preaching”. • Click the play button for your next question.

26. Incorrect • Preachers in the Second Great Awakening spent hours learning, rather than preparing detailed sermons that they would recite word-for-word. • Click on the back button to try the question again.

27. Checkpoint: Preacher • Recall: Let’s see what else you learned in this section. • The Second Great Awakening has no direct connection to Reform Movements in America (such as the Abolition (getting rid of slavery) movement). True False

28. Correct! • The Second Great Awakening played a large role in the movement to end slavery. Ministers urged people to join the cause of abolishing slavery as all people were equal in the sight of God. • Click on the play button to return home.

29. Incorrect • Actually, the Second Great Awakening encouraged people to reform (change) their lives. Also, preachers like Charles Grandison Finney called upon Christians to join a crusade to stamp out slavery. • Click the back button to try the question again.

30. The End Congratulations! You have completed your study of the Second Great Awakening. Now, complete the quiz on Quizlet.com.