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Policy-based Accounting

Policy-based Accounting. Tanja Zseby GMD FOKUS - German National Research Institute for Information Technology Competence Center Global Networking (GloNe) http://www.fokus.gmd.de. BANG, Discman, CADENUS, QIPTel,. Internet. Internet. Internet. Multimedia. Applications. Internet.

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Policy-based Accounting

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  1. Policy-based Accounting Tanja Zseby GMD FOKUS - German National Research Institute for Information Technology Competence Center Global Networking (GloNe) http://www.fokus.gmd.de

  2. BANG, Discman, CADENUS, QIPTel, ... Internet Internet Internet Multimedia Applications Internet Internet MINT, QIPTel in DS, CADENUS, ... BANG, RealCast, CADENUS, ... Group Flow Communication Internet Treatment Internet Susie, IPMM, Quasimodo, AAA Discman, T-Nova, ... Generic Internet QoS Internet Charging Modules Internet Internet Internet Discman, CADENUS, QIPTel in DS, ... Competence Center Global Networking (GloNe) GI (KuVS), NEC, Uni. Karlsruhe, MCI IPTel2000 events projects QofIS2000 COST263 - Quality of future Internet Services Active Internet Lab: Open Source Centre infrastructure Merit Consortium Meeting

  3. GMD Charging and Accounting Projects International Projects • ACTS 320 SUSIE: Charging and Accounting for Premium IP • COST263: Quality of Internet Services, WG2 Charging for QoS • EURESCOM P906 QUASIMODO: Quality of Service Methodologies: Measuring, Managing and Charging QoS • IP Meter Modules (Hitachi, Japan) National Projects • Projects with Deutsche Telekom/T-Nova-Berkom • IPTAR - IP Tariffing • ATARI - ATM Tariffing (finished) • ONTARIO - Online Tariffing Options (finished) • IP GIGA MEDIA (DFN - German Research Network) Standardisation activities • Contributions to ETSI NA 8 Working Group: Mechanisms and Parameters for Charging in IP-based Networks • IRTF AAAARCH Research Group; IETF AAA Working Group Merit Consortium Meeting

  4. Overview • Charging and Accounting for IP Services • Future Service Provider Options • Tariff Variables • Charging Schemes • Policy-based Accounting • Charging and Accounting Model • Tariff Formula Language • Charging Information Protocol • Interaction with Authorization • Multicast Accounting • Conclusion Merit Consortium Meeting

  5. Charging and Accounting for IP Accounting: Collection of data about resource usage The need for charging and accounting: • Control resource usage and reservation in multi-service networks • Give incentives to use only required resources • Prevent waste of bandwidth • Provide signals for capacity planning But: What kind of accounting architecture do we need ? Merit Consortium Meeting

  6. Future Service Provider Options • Variety of Provider Characteristics • Size and Purpose (e.g. small ISP, large backbone operator) • QoS provisioning technique (e.g. DiffServ, IntServ) • Service classes • Charging scheme(s) and models • Agreements with other providers (e.g. data exchange, distribute tasks) • Existing Infrastructure (MIBs, profile meters, etc.) • Variety of User Profiles • Number of flows, flow granularity, traffic profiles, unicast/multicast • User preferences (e.g. online charging, itemized invoices, spending limits) • Potential Distribution of accounting tasks among different entities • Provisioning of accounting service by other providers or even users Accounting has to be flexible Merit Consortium Meeting

  7. Charging Schemes (Examples) • Three-Term-Charging: Access, Volume, Time C = S + a • T + b • V • Karsten et al [KaSW98]: virtual resources derived from flowspec • Delgrossi/Ferrari [DeFe98]: buffer, computing capacity, schedulability, distance • Kilkki: Simple Integrated Media Access (SIMA) • MacKie-Mason/Varian: Smart Market Merit Consortium Meeting

  8. Tariff Variables Tariff Components Flatrate Resource-based Tariffs Congestion-based Tariffs Access- line speed Packets involved Buffer occupancy QoS Dimensions Usage Dimensions Reservation Parameters Profil Parameters Volume Time Distance Zone Hop Count Geographical Distance Merit Consortium Meeting

  9. Service and Tariff Examples Merit Consortium Meeting

  10. Policy-based Accounting Flexibility • Make accounting components configurable • Re-Use existing components (MIBs, admission control functions) • Define common configuration interfaces for different types of accounting components (e.g. different meter types) Efficiency • Control allocation of resources for accounting • Adapt accounting components to charging task (required parameters, meter accuracy) Interaction with Authorization • Use authorization data bases, messages, mappings, languages, etc. • Authorize accounting services (e.g. online charging, itemized invoice) Merit Consortium Meeting

  11. Policy-based Accounting Policies can be used for : • Allocation of resources for accounting (meters, collectors,...) • Adaptation and configuration of accounting elements at different layers to particular accounting tasks • Common description of configuration for different types of accounting module Policy-based accounting model: • Utilization of existing policy framework definitions and protocols • Integration of RTFM Modules into generic AAA model • Definition of interfaces to authorization data bases and modules Merit Consortium Meeting

  12. Analysis Application Usage Data Control Meter Reader Manager Usage Data Configuration Meter Real-Time Traffic Flow Measurement (RTFM) RTFM • IETF working group (inactive) • RFCs 2720-2724 NeTraMet 4.3 • RTFM conformant meter • Based on SNMPv2 • Meter configuration via SNMP (ruleset) • which flows should be measured • which attributes should be stored • Manger can control multiple meters • Support for DiffServ codepoint • RSVP Message Parser from CEFRIEL Merit Consortium Meeting

  13. Billing Policy Billing Configuration (e.g. bill template) Billing Layer User/Service specific requirements Charged data Charging Policy Charging Configuration (e.g. charging formula) Charging Layer Charging specific requirements Accounting data Accounting Policy Accounting Configuration (e.g. inter-domain agreements) Accounting Layer Accounting requirements Collected data Collecting Configuration (e.g. meter location) Collecting Policy Collecting Layer DI Collecting requirements Metered data PI Meter Configuration (e.g. classifier rules, metering intervals) Metering Policy Metering Layer CI PI = policy interface; CI = configuration interface; DI = data interface Policies at Different Layers Included in ETSI NA8 draft document 80301 “Parameters and Mechanisms for Charging in IP based Networks” Merit Consortium Meeting

  14. Billing Billing and Charging Policy Server Billing Policy Charging Charging Policy (TFL) Accounting Accounting Policy Data PIP NAR Account. Accounting Accounting Accounting Policy PIP NAR & Metering Reader Collecting Collecting Policy Server Policy Meter Policy M M M M Policy-based Accounting Architecture Provider Domain B Provider Domain A Merit Consortium Meeting

  15. Record Type Measurement Point Identification (e.g. IP Addr.) Flow Description (Src/Dest IP and portnumbers) Reserved Resources (Flowspec parameters) Used Resources (#Packets, #Bytes, ...) Data Extension Premium IP Network Accounting Record • ADIF description of Elements • ADIF-to-PIPNAR converter Included in ETSI NA8 draft document 80301 “Parameters and Mechanisms for Charging in IP based Networks” Merit Consortium Meeting

  16. TFL: Tariff Formula Language • Allows the description of charging formulas and utility curves • Mathematical operations (addition, multiplication, etc.) • Mathematical functions (exponential function, square root, etc.) • Logical functions (AND, OR, NOT) • Conditional expressions (if/then/else) • Pre-defined charging variables • # setup charge • sc = 0.5 • # volume unit in bytes • vu = 800000 • # price per volume unit • pv = 0.5 • # time unit in secs • tu = 100 • # price per time unit • pt = IF(AND(td>=TIME("00:00:00"), td<TIME("05:00:00")), 0.5, • IF(AND(td>=TIME("05:00:00"), td<TIME("21:00:00"), 0.8, 0.5)) • # tariff formula • p = sc + (v/vu)*pv + (t/tu)*pt Merit Consortium Meeting

  17. Exchange of Tariff Information • Diameter • Charging Information Protocol (CIP) • Informs users about current tariffs • Server maintains service and tariff information • Clients request information (push or pull mode) Push mode Pull mode Merit Consortium Meeting

  18. p t Tariffs (TFL) Online Charging Prices Price Calculation Plot NAR Collector Meter Merit Consortium Meeting

  19. Tariff Comparison Merit Consortium Meeting

  20. AAA Server with Accounting as Separate Service 1 1 Generic AAA server Rule based engine Policy 3 2 2 Events Application Specific Module Accounting Module Acct Data 3 5 6 Service Metering Merit Consortium Meeting

  21. AAA Server with Accounting as Part of the Service 1 1 Generic AAA server Rule based engine Policy 3 2 Events Application specific Module 5 5 Service Accounting/ Metering Acct Data 3 Merit Consortium Meeting

  22. User Visited ISP Home ISP Bill Charging & Billing ARs 8 Charging Policies ARs 3 AAA Server AAA Server 4 (optional online charging) Service parameters including Accounting Policy 5 7 Accounting Records (ARs) 2 Service Equipment 6 Collectors configuration 1 Meters Example: Interaction with Authorization Merit Consortium Meeting

  23. Multicast Accounting • Costs of multicast provisioning • Bandwidth savings vs. additional overhead • Dependent on group size and membership distribution (sparse,dense) • Resource usage difficult to meter • Number and distribution of receivers unknown • Bandwidth savings vary due to dynamic groups • IntServ: RSVP to determine group distribution • DiffServ: unknown resource usage might influence QoS traffic • Cost allocation • sender and/or receiver payment • cost sharing between receivers Merit Consortium Meeting

  24. PATH + [C(S, I)] PATH + [C(S, I)*N1/N3 + C(I,R1)] PATH + [C(S, I)*N2/N3 + C(I,R2)] Cost Sharing [Herzog] RESV + [N3=N1+N2] I RESV + [N2] RESV + [N1] R1 R2 N1, N2: Number of receivers at node R1,R2 N3: number of upstream receivers C(X,Y): costs for transport between X,Y Merit Consortium Meeting

  25. The Chuang-Sirbu Law • Lmc Luc · N0.8 • Flat rate for dense mode • Pmc = Puc· N0.8 for sparse mode from [ChSi98] Merit Consortium Meeting

  26. Conclusion • Flexible Accounting • Provider characteristics • Charging schemes • User profiles • Policy based Accounting • Layered Model • Tariff Formula Language • Accounting as part of the Service or as separate service • Interoperation with authorization • Multicast Accounting introduces further requirements Further Information: http://www.fokus.gmd.de/glone/ http://www.fokus.gmd.de/glone/research/genca/ Merit Consortium Meeting

  27. Call for Papers • IP Telephony Workshop (IPTel2000) • April 12-13, Berlin, Germany • Submission (Abstract): January 31, 2000 (Deadline will be extended !) • Quality of future Internet Services (QofIS2000) • September 25-26, Berlin, Germany • Submission: March 29, 2000 http://www.fokus.gmd.de/events/ Merit Consortium Meeting

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