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Unveiling Shakespearean Sonnets: Forms, Structure, Rhyme & Meter

Delve into the world of Shakespearean sonnets, explore their intricate forms, rhyme schemes, and metrical patterns, and unravel the essence of iambic pentameter. Learn about quatrains, volta, couplets, and the art of composing your own sonnet.

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Unveiling Shakespearean Sonnets: Forms, Structure, Rhyme & Meter

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  1. Sonnets ~ Overview ~

  2. What is a Sonnet? • They are very structured type of poem in which the author attempts to show two related but differing things to the reader in order to communicate a feeling about them. • They were developed in Italy, around the thirteenth century (1200s).

  3. Sonnets have several parts… • Quatrain • Octave • Sestet • Volta • Couplet

  4. Parts of a Sonnet • QUATRAIN A stanza of four lines. Example: “O, my luve’s like a red, red rose” ---Robert Burns

  5. VOLTA A shift in thought, or “turn;” sometimes marked by “and yet,”“yet,”or“ but” and usually begins at the… 9th line (sestet) Italian 13th line (couplet) English Example: “Sonnet 130” ---William Shakespeare

  6. COUPLET A literary device which has two successive rhyming lines at the end of a verse. Example: “Sonnet 18” ---William Shakespeare

  7. English (Shakespearean) Sonnets • 14 lines total • Four stanzas used: • 3 quatrains - four lines each • 1 couplet - two lines • Consistent rhyme scheme: • ababcdcdefef gg William Shakespeare

  8. each quatrain develops a specific idea, but one closely related to the ideas in the other quatrains. • it is the easiest in terms of its rhyme scheme, calling for only pairs of rhyming words. • Shakespeare often placed the volta, or the “turn,” (as in the Italian) at Line 9.

  9. ~ Rhythm & Rhyme ~ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5lsuyUNu_4

  10. Syllables The separate sounds that make up a word: Ken- tuck -y stu - dent school 3 syllables 2 syllables 1 syllable

  11. Iambs A unit for measuring poetic verse: - 1 iamb = a foot - contains unaccented & accented syllables - like the rhythm of a human heartbeat… ba-BUM | ba-BUM | ba-BUM | ba-BUM | ba-BUM (unstressed) (stressed) i AMB | i AMB | i AMB | i AMB | i AMB

  12. Types of Feet Iambic - 1 unstressed, 1 stressed Trochaic - 1 stressed, 1 unstressed Anapast - 1 unstressed, 1 unstressed, 1 stressed Dactyl - 1 stressed, 1 unstressed, 1 unstressed U \ stu - dent \ U stu - dent U U \ Ken - tuck - y \ U U Ken - tuck - y

  13. Meter The basic structure of rhythm for a line of verse: • Monometer = one foot • Dimeter = two feet • Trimeter = three feet • Tetrameter = four feet • Pentameter = five feet (Shakespearean) • Hexameter = six feet • Heptameter = seven feet • Octometer = seven feet

  14. Pentameter A pattern of accented & unaccented syllables: • “Penta” = five (Greek); Meter = sound • 5 feet per line • 10 syllables total per line Example:

  15. Iambic Pentameter The combination of rhythm and meter used by Elizabethan writers, like William Shakespeare.

  16. Iambic Pentameter - Examples • But SOFT | what LIGHT | • through YON | der WIN | dow BREAKS • He WENT | to TOWN | toDAY | to BUY | a CAR • When I | do COUNT | the CLOCK • that TELLS | the TIME

  17. Rhyme Scheme Shakespearean sonnets have three quatrains followed by a couplet, with end rhyme scheme: A B A B C D C D E F E F G G < 1st stanza - Quatrain: establishes subject and main theme < 2nd stanza - Quatrain: develops theme; extends metaphor < 3rd stanza - Quatrain: often contains a turn/twist: volta < 4th stanza - Couplet: rhymes; the conclusion

  18. Rhyme Scheme - Example Romeo & Juliet - Prologue Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. From forth the fatal loins of these two foesA pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life;Whose misadventured piteous overthrowsDo with their death bury their parents' strife.The fearful passage of their death-mark'd love,And the continuance of their parents' rage, Which, but their children's end, nought could remove,Is now the two hours' traffic of our stage; The which if you with patient ears attend, What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. A B A B C D C D E F E F G G

  19. ~ Sonnet Practice ~

  20. Try it for yourself! Using your notes and examples of Shakespeare’s poems, try to write your own sonnet about: • a lost love • a beautiful day • a season of the year • or ANYthing that you are interested in View this video of students trying: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XBYI8XAB5w

  21. Online Source #1 • Dummies.com provides good information about sonnet styles and parts. http://www.dummies.com/education/language-arts/poetry/writing-a-sonnet/

  22. Sonnet Example • Topic: friend

  23. _____________________________ sonnet title ___________________________________________ (A) ___________________________________________ (B) ___________________________________________ (A) ___________________________________________ (B) ___________________________________________ (C) ___________________________________________ (D) ___________________________________________ (C) ___________________________________________ (D) ___________________________________________ (E) ___________________________________________ (F) ___________________________________________ (E) ___________________________________________ (F) _______________________________________ (G) _______________________________________ (G)

  24. 1) What is a “sonnet”? a. Poem consisting 10 lines. b. Poem consisting of 14 lines c. Both A and B 2) What are the main types of sonnets? a. English and Italian b. Shakespearean and Petrarchan c. Both A and B ~ Sonnet Quiz ~

  25. 3) What is a “foot” in poetry? a. The most important line in the poem b. The last line in a poem c. A group of two syllables. 4) What is “iambic pentameter?” a. A single file line of five people, each person two feet tall b. A 10 syllable line, consisting of 5 iambic feet c. Both A and B

  26. 5) What is a “quatrain”? a. A group of 3 lines b. A paragraph of writing c. A stanza of 4 lines 6) What is “couplet”? a. A single file line of five people, each person two feet tall b. The last two lines of a sonnet c. Both A and B

  27. 7) …is written in a metered style known as ____________ ______________. • 8) …has______ syllables in each line that represent the sound of a human heart beating----- duh-DUH-duh-DUH-duh-DUH-duh-DUH-duh-DUH. • …always contains a total of ______ lines. iambic pentameter Shakespearean Sonnets Are… 10 14

  28. quatrains • 10) …broken into three _______________, with • each one being made up of four consecutive lines • of verse. • 11) …always ends with two rhymed lines called a ______________. • 12) …often written with a rhyme scheme ending each line that looks like: • _a__ _b__ ____ ____ • ____ ____ ____ ____ • ____ ____ ____ ____ • ____ ____ Shakespearean Sonnets Are… couplet a b c d c d e e f f g g

  29. metaphors 13) Sonnets are full of _________________, a poetic device used to compare two things. 14) The _____________ is “the turn” or point of dramatic shift within a sonnet. volta

  30.  …builds up an argument within the poem in the following order: 15) ____ First quatrain 16) ____ Second quatrain 17) ____ Third quatrain 18) ____ Couplet a. Peripeteia (a twist or conflict) b. Summarizes; leaves a new, concluding image c. Theme and metaphor extended or complicated d. The main theme and main metaphor d c a b

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