Plants at work

1. Plants at work Plants at work

2. pollen anther filament stigma style ovule xylem Phloem germinate embryo stamen chlorophyll photosynthesis carbon dioxide oxygen phosphorus nitrogen stomata cotyledon pistil nonvascular Key words plant seed root stem leaf starch producers dicot monocot endospore pollination vascular Plants at work

3. Plants get their energy from light Plants make food by photosynthesis Light energy is trapped by chlorophyll Most of the food is stored as starch Plants are producers Plants at work

4. sunlight Carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygen chlorophyll Organisms that carry out photosynthesis are called producers because they make food and energy for others to consume. PhotosynthesisWord equation Plants at work

5. Leaves are green because they contain chlorophyll Leaves have a large surface area to absorb as much light as possible Leaves Plants at work

6. Respiration in plants All living things carry out respiration Leaves are thin so that gases can get in and out easily Gases get into and out of leaves through little holes called stomata Plants at work

7. Section through a leaf Waxy layer -Upper epidermis Palisade cells -contain chloroplast Spongy cells Air space Stomata Guard cell Lower surface -Lower epidermis Plants at work

8. Plant growth Plants need carbon dioxide from the air Plants need water Plants need light Plants need nutrients from the soil including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium If the soil does not contain enough nutrients then we add fertilizers Plants at work

9. Fertilizers Nitrogen is needed for general growth Phosphorus is needed for healthy roots Potassium is needed for healthy leaves Plants at work

10. Plant plumbing Water and minerals enter the plant through the roots Then they go up through little tubes called xylem in the plant stem Food is transported through tiny tubes in the stem called phloem Plants at work

11. Roots Roots keep the plant anchored in the soil Roots are covered in lots of tiny hairs Root hairs take up water from the soil All the root hairs together have a large surface area Plants at work

12. Plant Plumbing 2 “Plumbing” means tubes that take water and nutrients from the soil to the rest of the plant Vascular – plants that HAVE tubes/tissue to bring materials to the rest of the plant (gymnosperms – no flowers and angiosperms – flowers) NonVascular – plants that have NO tubes/tissue to bring materials to the rest of the plant; instead, they absorb the nutrients directly into the cells (small – moss, ferns)

13. Flowers Flowers are a plant’s reproductive system Flowers have male and female reproductive organs Male part (stamen): anther and filament Female part (carpel): stigma, style, ovary Plants at work

14. Pollination Pollination is the transfer of pollen (male) to the stigma (female) Pollen grains can be carried by insects Pollen grains can be carried by the wind When the ovule is fertilized it turns into a seed Plants at work

15. Parts of a Flower Plants at work

16. Parts of a Flower Sepal: The outer parts of the flower (often green and leaf-like) that enclose a developing bud. Petal: The parts of a flower that are colored. Stamen: The pollen producing part of a flower Anther: where pollen is produced. Pistil: The ovule producing part of a flower. The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed. Stigma: The part of the pistil where pollen germinates (grows). Ovary: The enlarged portion of the pistil where ovules (eggs) are produced. Peduncle: The stalk of a flower. Receptacle: The part of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached.

17. Plant Notes 3Seeds

18. All About Seeds All About Seeds *Seeds come in different sizes, shapes, and colors. Some can be eaten and some can't. Some seeds germinate easily while others need certain conditions to be met before they will germinate. Germinate: to grow. *Do you know that within every seed lives a tiny plant or embryo? You can hold in your hand 500 radishes, many thousands of petunias, or an entire meadow if you remember that each seed is a plant! Seeds travel! *They can't just get up and walk to a new location, but structures on the seed may allow it to move to a new location. Some of the moving forces might be wind, water, animals, and gravity. Look at the seeds on the next slide and think about how they might travel from place to place.

19. Dandelion Maple Tree Coconut

20. Parts of Seeds Seed Structure *The outer covering of a seed is called the seed coat. Seed coats help protect the embryo from injury and also from drying out. Seed coats can be thin and soft as in beans or thick and hard as in locust or coconut seeds. *Endosperm, a temporary food supply, is packed around the embryo in the form of special leaves called cotyledons or seed leaves. These generally are the first parts visible when the seed germinates. *Plants are classified based upon the number of seed leaves (cotyledons) in the seed. Plants such as grasses can be monocots, containing one cotyledon. Dicots are plants that have two cotyledons.

22. Questions 1. Plants get their energy from: a. light b. rain c. carbon dioxide d. all of the above • Light • section 1 Plants at work 22

23. 2. Plants make their food by: a. light b. carbon dioxide c. respiration d. none of the above D. None of the above - photosynthesis - section 1 Plants at work 23

24. 3. In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water combine to create a. sugar b. oxygen c. both (a) and (b) d. just (a) C. Both (a) and (b) - sugar and oxygen - section 2 Plants at work 24

25. 4. Organisms that go through photosynthesis are called: a. producers b. consumers c. either (a) or (b) d. neither (a) nor (b) • Producers • - section 2 Plants at work 25

26. 5. ___ living things carry out respiration. a. most b. all c. some d. only those that are plants B. All - section 4 Plants at work 26

27. 6. Leaves are thin so that ___ can get out easily. a. water b. light c. gases d. bacteria C. Gases - section 4 Plants at work 27

28. 7. Gases get in and out of leaves through little holes called: a. stomata b. starch c. chlorophyll d. none of the above • Stomata • - section 4 Plants at work 28

29. What goes in between and in the correct order? a. palisade cells, spongy cells b. guard cells, spongy cells c. guard cells, air space • Palisade cells, spongy cells • - section 5/diagram Plants at work 29