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Content:. Hydrothermal conversion: - overview - carbonization - liquefaction chemicals Conclusion Feedstock:. Properties of Water. 374 °C. Data: Steam tables. Hydrothermal Conversions of Biomass.

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  1. Content: Hydrothermal conversion: - overview - carbonization - liquefaction chemicals Conclusion Feedstock:

  2. Properties of Water 374 °C Data: Steam tables

  3. Hydrothermal ConversionsofBiomass Hydrothermal Biomass GasificationA. Kruse, J. of Supercritical Fluids 47, 391-399, 2009. Water - A magic solvent for biomass conversion.A. Kruse, N. Dahmen, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 96, 36-45, 2015.

  4. Cellulose Glucose ⇄ Fructose Different short Intermediates Furfurales Phenols Gases: H2, CO2, CH4, CO Char / Coke Hydrothermal Biomass GasificationA. Kruse, J. of Supercritical Fluids 47, 391-399, 2009.

  5. Hydrothermal Carbonization: Chemistry Char and coke formation as unwanted side reaction of the hydrothermal biomass gasificationT. Karayildirim, A. Sinag, A. Kruse; Chemical Engineering & Technology 31, 1561-1568, 2008

  6. Hydrothermal Carbonization: Particles Experimental comparison of hydrothermal and vapothermal carbonization A. Funke, F. Reebs, A. Kruse; Fuel Processing Technology 115, 261-269, 2013.

  7. Hydrothermal Carbonization: Properties HTC-product from digestate, spheres 0,002 1/°C HTC-product from digestate, porous Digestate 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 °C Experimental comparison of hydrothermal and vapothermal carbonization A. Funke, F. Reebs, A. Kruse; Fuel Processing Technology 115, 261-269, 2013.

  8. Hydrothermal Carbonization: Kinetics Biomass Conversioncalculated Residue Conversionmeasured Coal 1 Coal 2 A. Kruse, R. Grandl, Hydrothermale Karbonisierung: 3. Kinetisches Modell Hydrothermal Carbonization: 3. Kinetic Model. Chemie Ingenieur Technik 87 (2015) 449-456 A. Kruse, F. Badoux, R. Grandl, D. Wüst, Hydrothermal carbonization: 2. Kinetics of draff conversion. Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 84 (2012) 509-512.

  9. Reactors for Hydrothermal Carbonization in collaboration with & Demonstration plant HTC-0 Pilot plant K3-335 Autoclaves A-0.01 and A-0.25

  10. Hydrothermal Carbonization for Phosphate Recovery Solved Phosphate 60% 30% Time / h Mg,NH4-Phosphate HTC -> Leaching -> Precipation (N,P) Nearly 80 % yield (phoshate) from sewage sludge! Diploma Thesis Dominik Wüst, Master Thesis Gero Becker

  11. Hydrothermal Carbonization – Applications • Energy Carrier • Soil improver (?) * • Activated Coal (?) • Catalyst support (?) • Super-capacitors (?) • Fuel Cells (?) • Carbon Black (?) • Material for immobilization of microorganism (?)** * I. Bargmann, M.C. Rillig, A. Kruse, J.M. Greef, M. Kücke, Initial and subsequent effects of hydrochar amendment on germination and nitrogen uptake of spring barley. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 177 (2014) 68-74. **I. Bargmann, R. Martens, M.C. Rillig, A. Kruse, M. Kücke, Hydrochar amendment promotes microbial immobilization of mineral nitrogen. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 177 (2014) 59-67.

  12. Hydrothermal ConversionsofBiomass Hydrothermal Biomass GasificationA. Kruse, J. of Supercritical Fluids 47, 391-399, 2009. Water - A magic solvent for biomass conversion.A. Kruse, N. Dahmen, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 96, 36-45, 2015.

  13. Comparison N. Dahmen, E. Henrich, A. Kruse, K. Raffelt, Biomass liquefaction and gasification, in:H.P. Blaschek, N. Qureshi, A. Vertes, H. Yukawa (Eds.), Biomass to Biofuels: strategies for global industries, 2010, p. 91.

  14. Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Algae I • Temperature: 300-375 ºC • Pressure: 10-25 MPa Gas Organics dissolved in the aqueous phase Microalgae Bio-Oil Solid residue Assessing microalgae biorefinery routes for the production of biofuels via hydrothermal liquefaction , D. Lòpez Barreiro, C. Samorí, G. Terranella, U. Hornung, A. Kruse, and W. Prins, Bioresource Technology, 174 (2014) 256-265.

  15. Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Algae II • Temperature: 350 °C • Holding time: 15 min • Biomass in water: 10% dw Microalgae Macroalgae Assessing microalgae biorefinery routes for the production of biofuels via hydrothermal liquefaction , D. Lòpez Barreiro, C. Samorí, G. Terranella, U. Hornung, A. Kruse, and W. Prins, Bioresource Technology, 174 (2014) 256-265.

  16. Chemicals: Hydroxymethylfurfural I Pictures: AVA Biochem

  17. Chemicals: Hydroxymethylfurfural II Biomass

  18. Chemicals: Phenols Modeling the lignin degradation kinetics in a ethanol/formic acid solvolysis approach. part 2. validation and transfer to variable conditions, D. Forchheim, J.R. Gasson, U. Hornung, A. Kruse, and T. Barth, , Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 51 (2012) 15053-15063.

  19. Chemicals: Phenols II Modeling the lignin degradation kinetics in an ethanol/formic acid solvolysis approach. Part 1. Kinetic model development D.Forchheim, J.R. Gasson, U. Hornung, A. Kruse, T.Barth Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 51 (32), 10595-10606, 2012

  20. Conclusion • Suitable for wet biomass • Higher selectivity, lower temperature than dry processes, high pressure • Applications of HTC under research • Hydrothermal liquefaction for algae (waste water treatment) • Platform chemicals (HMF, Phenols) available

  21. Many Thanks! Tailor-made hydrochar

  22. HTC product characterization Stelta et al., 2011 Crelling et al., 2006 Wheat straw 220 °C; 1 h 220 °C; 10 h

  23. Coalification of biomass for cauliflower, grass and straw

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