1 / 75

OBESITY AND THE REGULATION OF BODY WEIGHT

OBESITY AND THE REGULATION OF BODY WEIGHT. OBESITY: A Huge Public Health Problem. Definition of obesity: BMI > 30 Definition of overweight : BMI > 25. BMI = weight (kg)/ height 2 (m). Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985.

gotzon
Download Presentation

OBESITY AND THE REGULATION OF BODY WEIGHT

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. OBESITY AND THE REGULATION OF BODY WEIGHT

  2. OBESITY: A Huge Public Health Problem Definition of obesity: BMI>30 Definition of overweight: BMI >25 BMI = weight (kg)/ height2 (m)

  3. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% www.cdc.gov

  4. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1986 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

  5. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1987 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

  6. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1988 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

  7. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1989 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

  8. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1990 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

  9. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

  10. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1992 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

  11. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1993 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

  12. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1994 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

  13. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

  14. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1996 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

  15. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1997 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

  16. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1998 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

  17. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

  18. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

  19. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2001 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

  20. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2002 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

  21. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2003 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

  22. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2004 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%

  23. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2005 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

  24. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2006 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

  25. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2007 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

  26. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2008 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

  27. www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/trend/index.htm

  28. % From: Handbook of Obesity: Etiology and Pathophysiology, 2nd edition, G.A. Bray and C. Bouchard, editors, Marcel Dekker, NY,2004

  29. Obesity is a risk factor for: • Type 2 diabetes • Hypertension • Atherosclerosis • Some types of cancer • Asthma • Gall bladder problems • Fertility problems • Osteoarthritis • Sleep disordered breathing • Gastroesophageal reflux

  30. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes by BMI From: Handbook of obesity, Marcel Dekker Inc, 2004

  31. 1990 1995 2001 Diabetes Trends* Among Adults in the U.S.,(Includes Gestational Diabetes)BRFSS, 1990,1995 and 2001 Source: Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care 2000;23:1278-83; J Am Med Assoc 2001;286:10.

  32. What’s my BMI?

  33. What’s my BMI? About 30.5 (based on height of 1.87 m and weight of 107 kg)

  34. Normal BMI doesn’t necessarily mean normal body fat A. Romero-Corral et al, Eur. Heart J. 31:737-746, 2010

  35. A. Romero-Corral et al, Eur. Heart J. 31:737-746, 2010

  36. Body fat increases disease risk in normal weight subjects A. Romero-Corral et al, Eur. Heart J. 31:737-746, 2010

  37. Risk of premature death 15 20 25 30 35 BMI

  38. Risk factors for the development of obesity • Genetics • animals can be bred for fatness • there are inbred strains of mice and rats that are spontaneously obese • whole genome wide genetic studies have identified several genes associated with obesity • Environment • Animals on a high fat diet gain weight • Human who live in other cultures gain weight when they move to the US or other places with a Western diet • Animals born to obese mothers tend to also become obese • Amount of sleep affects weight gain

  39. Wildtype (C57BL/6J) Ob/Ob

  40. Risk factors for the development of obesity • Genetics • animals can be bred for fatness • there are inbred strains of mice and rats that are spontaneously obese • whole genome wide genetic studies have identified several genes associated with obesity • Environment • Animals on a high fat diet gain weight • Human who live in other cultures gain weight when they move to the US or other places with a Western diet • Animals born to obese mothers tend to also become obese • Amount of sleep affects weight gain

  41. Risk factors for the development of obesity • Genetics • animals can be bred for fatness • there are inbred strains of mice and rats that are spontaneously obese • whole genome wide genetic studies have identified several genes associated with obesity • Environment • Animals on a high fat diet gain weight • Human who live in other cultures gain weight when they move to the US or other places with a Western diet • Animals born to obese mothers tend to also become obese • Amount of sleep affects weight gain

  42. Short sleep duration increases BMI From: Taheri et al, PLoS Med 3:e62, 2004

  43. Sleep and Obesity • Elevations of BMI are observed in subjects who sleep fewer than • 6 h per night • Childhood sleeping problems predict adult BMI • Experimental acute sleep curtailment increases hunger and appetite • especially for energy rich foods • -Mice in which circadian rhythms are disrupted become obese • More than 33% of adolescents get less sleep than recommended

  44. WHY IS OBESITY INCREASING? • 1) Genetics? Unlikely. It takes thousands of years to • change the gene pool that drastically (but could be • epigenetic effects). • 2) Changes in environment? • Diet: more carbohydrates and less fat, also • different types of fat • Exercise: more sedentary lifestyles • 3) Gene environment interactions? Susceptibility genes • that are only expressed in conjunction with certain diets

  45. Koh-Banerjee et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2003 Not all fats are created equal: • Amount of transfat in diet is significantly related • to waist circumference gain • Total amount of fat in diet is not

  46. Also called “partially hydrogenated” oil • Performed to increase shelf life and increase flavor stability • Present in most processed foods • Makes fat solid at room temperature

  47. Consumption of trans fats increases the risk of heart disease Mozaffarian et al NEJM 354:1601-1613, 2007

  48. HOW IS BODY WEIGHT REGULATED? Body weight represents a balance between calorie input and calorie expenditure. InputsExpenditures -food eaten - basal metabolic rate - cost of food digestion (liver) - exercise

  49. (ex: PYY)

More Related