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What were the results of the crisis? East-West rivalry was greatly increased.

What were the results of the crisis? East-West rivalry was greatly increased. Truman saw the crisis as a great victory – the West had stood up to the USSR. However, Stalin saw it as a defeat and a humiliation. The crisis led to the creation of NATO, which we’ll be learning about next!

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What were the results of the crisis? East-West rivalry was greatly increased.

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  1. What were the results of the crisis? • East-West rivalry was greatly increased. • Truman saw the crisis as a great victory – the West had stood up to the USSR. However, Stalin saw it as a defeat and a humiliation. • The crisis led to the creation of NATO, which we’ll be learning about next! • 2. Germany was definitely divided, now! • East Berlin and West Berlin were clearly divided (but the Berlin Wall was not built until the 1960s). • So were East Germany and West Germany – the Allies announced that their zones in Germany would join together to form the Federal German Republic (West G). Stalin turned the Soviet zone into the German Democratic Republic (East G.)

  2. STARTER As you watch, think of (a) one thing this video leaves out, and (b) one thing it tells you that you didn’t already know.

  3. Today….. • How did the following developments increase East-West rivalry? • The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) • The Warsaw Pact • The arms race

  4. How did Soviet & US actions increase rivalry and tension between East and West, 1945-1949? Berlin Crisis 1948-9 Increased tension and competition between the Superpowers

  5. All the Eastern Bloc countries (USSR and satellite states) were part of Warsaw Pact Most of Western Europe – including West Germany – was part of NATO.

  6. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) • This was a defensive alliance – if one or more of the countries belonging to NATO was to be attacked, the others would wade in to help. (ie. It would be considered an attack against them all.) • Formed April 1949, among 11 western European nations and the USA. • It was a direct response to the Berlin Crisis, which had highlighted that the USSR posed a real threat to western Europe. • Aimed to prevent Soviet expansion. • Meant the USA was now committed to the defence of western Europe. • Eventually, the USA set up its own missile bases in Europe, including in the UK.

  7. The Warsaw Pact • Stalin saw NATO as an ‘aggressive’ alliance – aimed against USSR, not a defensive alliance. • In 1955, the USSR set up its own rival organisation – the Warsaw Pact. • It was a defensive alliance of 8 nations, designed to counter the ‘threat’ of NATO. Members were to support each other if attacked. • Each country in the Warsaw Pact let Stalin station Russian troops there and put its armies under the control of Moscow.

  8. How did an arms race start to develop in the late 1940s/early 1950s? • After 1949, both sides feared the other, and because they felt they were in danger, both sides built up their armies and weapons. This only resulted in both sides feeling even more threatened, so they built up their armed forces even more! • What made this arms race particularly dangerous was that both sides had nuclear weapons. In 1949, a few years earlier than the US expected, the USSR tested its first atom bomb.

  9. Both sides poured money into trying to develop ever more powerful weapons. Each side suspected that the other was trying to build up enough weapons to be able to make a big ‘first strike’ that would prevent the other side firing back. • The Soviet atomic research programme was speeded up – scientists’ pay was trebled. • In response to the first Soviet test bomb, Truman ordered the new H-bomb to be developed. Defence spending increased massively, on both sides. • In 1953, the USA tested an H-bomb, and so did the USSR a few months later. The H-bomb was 500x more powerful than the atom bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.

  10. ACTIVITY The arms race, late 1940s and early 1950s From memory, make a set of notes about the arms race, using these words & phrases to jog your memory/help you explain its features…. 1 threatened 2 nuclear weapons 3 USSR test their first atom bomb, 1949 4 first strike 5 trebled pay 6 USA & USSR test H-bomb, 1953

  11. Homework 1. Complete the revision starter sheet – follow instructions at the top. 2. Complete the exam question planning sheet. You do not need to write up actual answers to the questions (though these will be marked if you wish to!) Remember – with ‘briefly explain the key features of….’ questions, your points can be about causes, what happened, or consequences. Try to do one point about each.

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