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Boundless Lecture Slides

Boundless Lecture Slides. Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com. Using Boundless Presentations. Boundless Teaching Platform

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Boundless Lecture Slides

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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. Biotechnology Biotechnology and Genomics Mapping Genomes Whole-Genome Sequencing Applying Genomics ] Genomics and Proteomics Biotechnology and Genomics Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. Biotechnology and Genomics > Biotechnology Biotechnology • Biotechnology • Basic Techniques to Manipulate Genetic Material (DNA and RNA) • Molecular and Cellular Cloning • Reproductive Cloning • Genetic Engineering • Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) • Biotechnology in Medicine • Production of Vaccines, Antibiotics, and Hormones Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/biotechnology-and-genomics-17/biotechnology-119/

  6. Biotechnology and Genomics > Mapping Genomes Mapping Genomes • Genetic Maps • Physical Maps and Integration with Genetic Maps Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/biotechnology-and-genomics-17/mapping-genomes-120/

  7. Biotechnology and Genomics > Whole-Genome Sequencing Whole-Genome Sequencing • Strategies Used in Sequencing Projects • Use of Whole-Genome Sequences of Model Organisms • Uses of Genome Sequences Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/biotechnology-and-genomics-17/whole-genome-sequencing-121/

  8. Biotechnology and Genomics > Applying Genomics Applying Genomics • Predicting Disease Risk at the Individual Level • Pharmacogenomics, Toxicogenomics, and Metagenomics • Genomics and Biofuels Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/biotechnology-and-genomics-17/applying-genomics-122/

  9. Biotechnology and Genomics > Genomics and Proteomics Genomics and Proteomics • Genomics and Proteomics • Basic Techniques in Protein Analysis • Cancer Proteomics Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/biotechnology-and-genomics-17/genomics-and-proteomics-123/

  10. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  11. Biotechnology and Genomics Key terms • antigena substance that binds to a specific antibody; may cause an immune response • bactericidalthat which kills bacteria • bacteriostaticthat which slows down or stalls bacterial growth • biofuelany fuel that is obtained from a renewable biological resource • biomarkera substance used as an indicator of a biological state, most commonly disease • biotechnologythe use of living organisms (especially microorganisms) in industrial, agricultural, medical, and other technological applications • clonea living organism produced asexually from a single ancestor, to which it is genetically identical • contiga set of overlapping DNA segments, derived from a single source of genetic material, from which the complete sequence may be deduced • cytogeneticof or pertaining to the origin and development of cells • denaturationthe change of folding structure of a protein (and thus of physical properties) caused by heating, changes in pH, or exposure to certain chemicals • dideoxynucleotideany nucleotide formed from a deoxynucleotide by loss of an a second hydroxyl group from the deoxyribose group • electrophoresisa method for the separation and analysis of large molecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, by migrating a colloidal solution of them through a gel under the influence of an electric field Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  12. Biotechnology and Genomics • expressed sequence taga short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence that may be used to identify gene transcripts • fluorophorea molecule or functional group which is capable of fluorescence • gene therapyany of several therapies involving the insertion of genes into a patient's cells in order to replace defective ones • genetic engineeringthe deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism • genetically modified organisman organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques • genetically modified organisman organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques • genome annotationthe process of attaching biological information to gene sequences. • genome sequencinga laboratory process that determines the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time • genomicsthe study of the complete genome of an organism • genomicsthe study of the complete genome of an organism • genomicsthe study of the complete genome of an organism • Human Genome Projectan organized international scientific endeavor to determine the complete structure of human genetic material (DNA) to identify all the genes and understand their function Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  13. Biotechnology and Genomics • immunodeficiencya depletion in the body's natural immune system, or in some component of it • metagenomicsthe study of the collective genomes of multiple species that grow and interact in an environmental niche • microarrayany of several devices containing a two-dimensional array of small quantities of biological material used for various types of assays • microarrayany of several devices containing a two-dimensional array of small quantities of biological material used for various types of assays • microsatelliteany of a group of polymorphic loci in DNA that consist of repeat units of just a few base pairs • model organismany organism (e.g. the fruit fly) that has been extensively studied as an example of many others and from which general principles may be established • molecular cloninga biological method that creates many identical DNA molecules and directs their replication within a host organism • parthenogenesisa form of asexual reproduction where growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization • pharmacogenomicsthe study of genes that code for enzymes that metabolize drugs, and the design of tailor-made drugs adapted to an individual's genetic make-up • pharmacogenomicsthe study of genes that code for enzymes that metabolize drugs, and the design of tailor-made drugs adapted to an individual's genetic make-up • physical mapa map showing how much DNA separates two genes and is measured in base pairs • plasmida circle of double-stranded DNA that is separate from the chromosomes, which is found in bacteria and protozoa Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  14. Biotechnology and Genomics • polygenica phenotypic characteristic controlled by the interaction of two or more genes with the environment • polymerase chain reactiona technique in molecular biology for creating multiple copies of DNA from a sample • polymorphismthe regular existence of two or more different genotypes within a given species or population • proteomethe complete set of proteins encoded by a particular genome • proteomicsthe branch of molecular biology that studies the set of proteins expressed by the genome of an organism • recombinant DNADNA that has been engineered by splicing together fragments of DNA from multiple species and introduced into the cells of a host • recombinant DNADNA that has been engineered by splicing together fragments of DNA from multiple species and introduced into the cells of a host • renewable resourcea natural resource such that it is replenished by natural processes at a rate comparable to its rate of consumption by humans or other users • reporter genea gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest and whose product is easily identifiable in assays • RFLPrestriction fragment length polymorphism is a section of DNA whose length varies among individuals and which is delimited by a base which does not occur within it • sequencingthe procedure of determining the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain of a protein (protein sequencing) or of nucleotides in a DNA section comprising a gene (gene sequencing) • SNPsingle nucleotide polymorphism is single base pair of DNA which is polymorphic with respect to a population Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  15. Biotechnology and Genomics • stem cella primal undifferentiated cell from which a variety of other cells can develop through the process of cellular differentiation • transgenicof or pertaining to an organism whose genome has been changed by the addition of a gene from another species; genetically modified Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  16. Biotechnology and Genomics PCA3 PCA3 is a gene that is expressed in prostate epithelial cells and overexpressed in cancerous cells. A high concentration of PCA3 in urine is indicative of prostate cancer. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Applying Genomics. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44560/latest/Figure_B17_02_02.pngView on Boundless.com

  17. Biotechnology and Genomics S. cerevisiae: A Model Organism for Eukaryotes Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast, is used as a model organism for studying signaling proteins and protein-processing enzymes which have homologs in humans. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."S cerevisiae under DIC microscopy."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpgView on Boundless.com

  18. Biotechnology and Genomics Blotting Techniques Southern blotting is used to find a particular sequence in a sample of DNA. DNA fragments are separated on a gel, transferred to a nylon membrane, and incubated with a DNA probe complementary to the sequence of interest. Northern blotting is similar to Southern blotting, but RNA is run on the gel instead of DNA. In western blotting, proteins are run on a gel and detected using antibodies. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biotechnology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/Figure_17_01_05.jpgView on Boundless.com

  19. Biotechnology and Genomics Large-scale proteomics machinery This machine is preparing to do a proteomic pattern analysis to identify specific cancers so that an accurate cancer prognosis can be made. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Genomics and Proteomics. November 12, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m45485/latest/View on Boundless.com

  20. Biotechnology and Genomics Structure of a Dideoxynucleotide A dideoxynucleotide is similar in structure to a deoxynucleotide, but is missing the 3' hydroxyl group (indicated by the box). When a dideoxynucleotide is incorporated into a DNA strand, DNA synthesis stops. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Whole-Genome Sequencing. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44555/latest/Figure_17_03_01.jpgView on Boundless.com

  21. Biotechnology and Genomics Gel Electrophoresis Shown are DNA fragments from seven samples run on a gel, stained with a fluorescent dye, and viewed under UV light. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biotechnology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/Figure_17_01_03.jpgView on Boundless.com

  22. Biotechnology and Genomics Metagenomics Metagenomics involves isolating DNA from multiple species within an environmental niche. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Applying Genomics. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44560/latest/Figure_17_04_02.jpgView on Boundless.com

  23. Biotechnology and Genomics Reproductive Cloning of Dolly, the Sheep Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned. To create Dolly, the nucleus was removed from a donor egg cell. The nucleus from a second sheep was then introduced into the cell, which was allowed to divide to the blastocyst stage before being implanted in a surrogate mother. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biotechnology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/Figure_17_01_07.pngView on Boundless.com

  24. Biotechnology and Genomics Crossovers and Recombination Crossover may occur at different locations on the chromosome. Recombination between genes A and B is more frequent than recombination between genes B and C because genes A and B are farther apart; a crossover is, therefore, more likely to occur between them. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Mapping Genomes. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44554/latest/Figure_17_02_01.jpgView on Boundless.com

  25. Biotechnology and Genomics Two-hybrid screening Two-hybrid screening is used to determine whether two proteins interact. In this method, a transcription factor is split into a DNA-binding domain (BD) and an activation domain (AD). The binding domain is able to bind the promoter in the absence of the activator domain, but it does not turn on transcription. A protein called the bait is attached to the BD, and a protein called the prey is attached to the AD. Transcription occurs only if the prey "catches" the bait. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Genomics and Proteomics. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44558/latest/Figure_17_05_01.jpgView on Boundless.com

  26. Biotechnology and Genomics Antibiotic Treatment Assays such as the one shown help scientists understand the effects of antibiotics on bacterial species. Clear rings around the round inserts, which contain antibiotic, mean that bacteria on the plate are inhibited or killed by the compound. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Antibiotic disk diffusion."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antibiotic_disk_diffusion.jpgView on Boundless.com

  27. Biotechnology and Genomics Mass Spectrometer Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorbtion Ionisation - Time Of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometer. Mass spectrometry can be used in protein analysis. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."Proteomics/Protein Identification - Mass Spectrometry."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Proteomics/Protein_Identification_-_Mass_SpectrometryView on Boundless.com

  28. Biotechnology and Genomics Termites: Nature's Bioreactors The hindgut of the termite has yielded more than 500 genes of microbes related to the enzymatic deconstruction of cellulose. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Stolotermes ruficeps soldier."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stolotermes_ruficeps_soldier.jpgView on Boundless.com

  29. Biotechnology and Genomics DNA Extraction This diagram shows the basic method used for extraction of DNA. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biotechnology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/Figure_17_01_02.jpgView on Boundless.com

  30. Biotechnology and Genomics Cytogenetic Map A cytogenetic map shows the appearance of a chromosome after it is stained and examined under a microscope. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Mapping Genomes. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44554/latest/Figure_17_02_02.jpgView on Boundless.com

  31. Biotechnology and Genomics Sanger's Method Frederick Sanger's dideoxy chain termination method uses dideoxynucleotides, in which the DNA fragment can be terminated at different points. The DNA is separated on the basis of size, and these bands, based on the size of the fragments, can be read. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Whole-Genome Sequencing. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44555/latest/Figure_17_03_02.jpgView on Boundless.com

  32. Biotechnology and Genomics X-ray crystallography X-rays that hit atomic nuclei are diffracted onto a detector. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikibooks."Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/X-ray Crystallography."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Proteins/X-ray_CrystallographyView on Boundless.com

  33. Biotechnology and Genomics GMO Corn Borer-resistant corn is an example of a genetically- modified organism made possible through genetic engineering methods that allow scientists to alter an organism's DNA to achieve specific traits, such as herbicide resistance. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."GMO corn label RoundUp Liberty Link Herculex I Cruiser Mid Rate."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GMO_corn_label_RoundUp_Liberty_Link_Herculex_I_Cruiser_Mid_Rate.jpgView on Boundless.com

  34. Biotechnology and Genomics PCR Amplification Polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is used to amplify a specific sequence of DNA. Primers—short pieces of DNA complementary to each end of the target sequence—are combined with genomic DNA, Taq polymerase, and deoxynucleotides. Taq polymerase is a DNA polymerase isolated from the thermostable bacterium Thermus aquaticus that is able to withstand the high temperatures used in PCR. Thermus aquaticus grows in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is similar to PCR, but cDNA is made from an RNA template before PCR begins. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biotechnology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/Figure_17_01_04.jpgView on Boundless.com

  35. Biotechnology and Genomics Molecular Cloning This diagram shows the steps involved in molecular cloning, where regions or fragments of a genome are reproduced to allow the study or manipulation of genes and their protein products. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biotechnology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/Figure_17_01_06.pngView on Boundless.com

  36. Biotechnology and Genomics DNA Microarray DNA microarrays can be used to analyze gene expression within the genome. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."DNA microarray."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_microarray.svgView on Boundless.com

  37. Biotechnology and Genomics Gene Therapy Gene therapy using an adenovirus vector can be used to cure certain genetic diseases in which a person has a defective gene. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biotechnology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/Figure_17_01_08.jpgView on Boundless.com

  38. Biotechnology and Genomics Genomics In genomics, the DNA of different organisms is compared, enabling scientists to create maps with which to navigate the DNA of different organisms. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Introduction. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44551/latest/Figure_B17_00_01.jpgView on Boundless.com

  39. Biotechnology and Genomics Questions that can be answered by biomarkers In cancer research and medicine, biomarkers are used in three primary ways: (A) Diagnostic - To help diagnose conditions, as in the case of identifying early stage cancers. (B) Prognostic - To forecast how aggressive a condition is, as in the case of determining a patient's ability to fare in the absence of treatment. (C) Predictive - To predict how well a patient will respond to treatment. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Cancer biomarkers."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_biomarkersView on Boundless.com

  40. Biotechnology and Genomics The Flavr Savr Tomato Plant physiologist Athanasios Theologis with tomatoes that contain the bioengineered ACC synthase gene (the Flavr Savr Tomato). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Tomatoes ARS."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tomatoes_ARS.jpgView on Boundless.com

  41. Biotechnology and Genomics Transgenic Plants Corn, a major agricultural crop used to create products for a variety of industries, is often modified through plant biotechnology. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biotechnology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/Figure_17_01_09.jpgView on Boundless.com

  42. Biotechnology and Genomics Attribution • Wiktionary."sequencing."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sequencing • Wiktionary."biotechnology."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biotechnology • Wiktionary."genomics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genomics • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 5, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44551/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."polymerase chain reaction."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polymerase_chain_reaction • Wiktionary."denaturation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/denaturation • Wiktionary."electrophoresis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/electrophoresis • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."recombinant DNA."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recombinant_DNA • Wiktionary."plasmid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plasmid • Wikipedia."molecular cloning."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/molecular%20cloning • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 23, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."stem cell."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stem_cell • Wiktionary."clone."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clone • Wikipedia."parthenogenesis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/parthenogenesis Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  43. Biotechnology and Genomics • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."genetic engineering."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genetic_engineering • Wiktionary."recombinant DNA."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recombinant_DNA • Wikipedia."genetically modified organism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/genetically%20modified%20organism • Wikibooks."General Genetics/Recombinant DNA Cloning Technology."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Genetics/Recombinant_DNA_Cloning_Technology • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."gene therapy."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gene_therapy • Wiktionary."pharmacogenomics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pharmacogenomics • Wiktionary."immunodeficiency."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/immunodeficiency • Wikibooks."Genes, Technology and Policy/Applications in Medicine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Genes,_Technology_and_Policy/Applications_in_Medicine • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wikipedia."bacteriostatic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bacteriostatic • Wiktionary."bactericidal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bactericidal • Wiktionary."antigen."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antigen • Wikipedia."Antibacterial."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibacterial • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wikipedia."genetically modified organism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/genetically%20modified%20organism • Wiktionary."transgenic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/transgenic • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 23, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  44. Biotechnology and Genomics • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44552/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wikipedia."RFLP."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFLP • Wiktionary."microsatellite."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/microsatellite • Wiktionary."SNP."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/SNP • Wiktionary."polymorphism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polymorphism • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44554/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."physical map."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/physical_map • Wikipedia."expressed sequence tag."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/expressed%20sequence%20tag • Wiktionary."cytogenetic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cytogenetic • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 23, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44554/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44554/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."fluorophore."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fluorophore • Wiktionary."contig."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contig • Wiktionary."dideoxynucleotide."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dideoxynucleotide • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44555/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."model organism."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/model_organism • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//biology/definition/genome-annotation • Wikibooks."Structural Biochemistry/Genome Analysis/Sequenced Genomes."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Genome_Analysis/Sequenced_Genomes • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44555/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  45. Biotechnology and Genomics • Wiktionary."genomics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genomics • Wiktionary."microarray."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/microarray • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44555/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."Human Genome Project."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Project • Wikipedia."genome sequencing."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/genome%20sequencing • Wiktionary."polygenic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polygenic • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. November 8, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44560/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44560/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//biology/definition/metagenomics • Wiktionary."pharmacogenomics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pharmacogenomics • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 23, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44560/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44560/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."renewable resource."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/renewable_resource • Wiktionary."biofuel."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biofuel • http://www.jgi.doe.gov/News/news_8_13_08.html."Genomics of Plant-based Biofuels in the Journal Nature."Public domainhttp://www.jgi.doe.gov/News/news_8_13_08.html • Wikibooks."Ancient History/Human Evolution/Recent African Origin."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ancient_History/Human_Evolution/Recent_African_Origin • Wikibooks."Ancient History/Human Evolution/Multiregional Origin."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ancient_History/Human_Evolution/Multiregional_Origin%23Mitochondrial_DNA • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 23, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44560/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 23, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44560/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  46. Biotechnology and Genomics • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44560/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."proteome."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proteome • Wiktionary."proteomics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/proteomics • Wiktionary."genomics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/genomics • Wikibooks."Proteomics/Introduction to Proteomics."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Proteomics/Introduction_to_Proteomics • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44558/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wikipedia."reporter gene."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/reporter%20gene • Wiktionary."microarray."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/microarray • Wikibooks."Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Western Blotting."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Proteins/Western_Blotting • Wikipedia."Two-hybrid screening."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-hybrid_screening • Wikibooks."Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/NMR Spectroscopy."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Proteins/NMR_Spectroscopy • Wikibooks."Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/X-ray Crystallography."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Proteins/X-ray_Crystallography • Wikibooks."Proteomics/Protein Identification - Mass Spectrometry."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Proteomics/Protein_Identification_-_Mass_Spectrometry • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44558/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."biomarker."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biomarker • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44558/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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