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The Wars of Independence 1286-1328

HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328. The Wars of Independence 1286-1328. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328. ISSUE 1 The succession problem in Scotland. Sub issue 1 The problems caused by the death of Alexander III

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The Wars of Independence 1286-1328

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  1. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 The Wars of Independence 1286-1328

  2. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 ISSUE 1 The succession problem in Scotland Sub issue 1 The problems caused by the death of Alexander III Sub issue 2 The reasons for the Scots’ appeal to Edward. Sub issue 3 Edward’s resolution of the Great Cause

  3. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Learning Intention:We are developing our knowledge and understanding of the succession problem in Scotland after the death of Alexander III in 1286 Success Criteria: I can put the main events of the succession problem in chronological order I can describe the events of the succession problem using my timeline I can give a basic overview of events from recall

  4. Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92 ISSUE 1: The succession problem in Scotland • Activity 1: Timeline of Events (70 minutes) • In order to understand the chronology you are going to create an accurate, detailed and imaginative timeline that will help you to understand the issue. • This timeline should include: • The Death of Alexander III (March 1286) • The Parliament of Scone (April 1286) • The Treaty of Salisbury (1289) • Treaty of Birgham (July 1290) • The Death of Margaret, Maid of Norway (September 1290) • Edward’s Court at Norham (1291-92) • The Great Cause (1291-92) • Edward’s decision (November 1292)

  5. Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92 Timeline of the Succession Problem in Scotland 1286-92 The Death of Margaret, Maid of Norway September 1290 The Death of Alexander III March 1286 The Parliament of Scone April 1286 Treaty of Birgham July 1290 The Treaty of Salisbury 1289 Alexander III fell from his horse while travelling to meet his new wife at Kinghorn. He died without an obvious heir as his children had all died before him. Community of the Realm elected: 2 Earls, 2 Bishops and 2 Barons, six men given the title of Guardians of Scotland. They would rule Scotland in Margaret’s (Maid of Norway) name until she was old enough.

  6. Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92 Activity 2: Presentation to Class of Timeline (30 minutes) To ensure that you have a thorough understanding of events each person in the class will present their timeline to another member of the class. You will present your presentation 4 times to different people. (12 minutes of presenting and 12 of listening). Ensure that you cover all the major events. • The Death of Alexander III (March 1286) • The Parliament of Scone (April 1286) • The Treaty of Salisbury (1289) • Treaty of Birgham (July 1290) • The Death of Margaret, Maid of Norway (September 1290) • Edward’s Court at Norham (1291-92) • The Great Cause (1291-92) • Edward’s decision (November 1292)

  7. The Death of Alexander III (March 1286) • The Parliament of Scone (April 1286) • The Treaty of Salisbury (1289) • Treaty of Birgham (July 1290) • The Death of Margaret, Maid of • Norway (September 1290) • Edward’s Court at Norham (1291-92) • The Great Cause (1291-92) • Edward’s decision (November 1292)

  8. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Learning Intention:We are developing our knowledge and understanding of the succession problem in Scotland after the death of Alexander III in 1286 Success Criteria: I can identify the main protagonists of the Succession problem I can explain their significance in the succession problem

  9. Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92 Key Figures of the Succession Problem Alexander III Margaret, Maid of Norway Edward I The Scottish clergy Bishop William Fraser Robert Bruce the Competitor John Balliol John of Hastings You are going to create a “who’s who” of the Succession problem

  10. Bishop William Fraser Alexander III Edward I Margaret, Maid of Norway The Scottish clergy John of Hastings John Balliol Robert Bruce, the Competitor Key Figures of the Succession Problem

  11. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 ISSUE 1 The succession problem in Scotland Sub issue 1 The problems caused by the death of Alexander III Sub issue 2 The reasons for the Scots’ appeal to Edward. Sub issue 3 Edward’s resolution of the Great Cause

  12. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Learning Intention:We are developing our knowledge and understanding of the succession problem in Scotland after the death of Alexander III in 1286 Success Criteria: I can identify the problems caused by the death of Alexander III in 1286. I can identify the problems caused by the death of the Maid in 1290.

  13. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Sub issue 1: The problems caused by the death of Alexander III p. 9-10 Pink Booklet p. 6-12 Textbook You are being asked to identify the problems caused by Alexander III’s death and the death of the Maid of Norway. ON YOUR OWN TAKE 25 MINUTES TO RECORD NOTES Explain the problems caused by the death of Alexander III in 1286. Explain the problems caused by the death of the Maid in 1290.

  14. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Sub issue 1: The problems caused by the death of Alexander III Create a group response to these questions: Explain the problems caused by the death of Alexander III in 1286. Explain the problems caused by the death of the Maid in 1290. Ensure that you have evaluated your evidence for: Accuracy Relevance

  15. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 RELEVANCY ROUND Explain the problems caused by the death of Alexander III in 1286. Explain the problems caused by the death of the Maid in 1290. You are going to ensure that you create a group response that is relevant and accurate. You are going to evaluate each others notes on the 2 questions above. ROLES IN GROUP: Responder- Person who gives a point from their notes to be evaluated by the group Rephraser- Person who clarifies the point made by the responder, ensures the group understands the point made Rater- Person who asks group members to decide and vote if it should be included

  16. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Problems caused by the death of Alexander III in 1286 GROUP RESPONSE SHEET

  17. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Scots Nobles initially failed to agree on heir to the throne despite twice meeting at Scone Fear of Civil war between Bruce and Balliol factions Alexander III children had died before him leaving no clear heir to the throne Problems caused by the death of Alexander III in 1286 Margaret, Maid of Norway, chosen as queen but she is a child and a female A suitable husband had to be found for the Margaret Guardians had to be chosen carefully to rule Scotland in Margaret's name until she was old enough-she could be overthrown or kidnapped easily GROUP RESPONSE SHEET

  18. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Problems caused by the death of the Maid in 1290 GROUP RESPONSE SHEET

  19. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Treaty of Birgham, with all its guarantees for Scottish sovereignty and independence is null and void Fear of Civil war between Bruce and Balliol factions arises once again Problems caused by the death of the Maid in 1290 There is no clear and apparent heir to the throne of the Kingdom Need for someone powerful to keep the Scottish nobles in check and decide upon new King, Edward demanded overlordship to adjudicate on succession GROUP RESPONSE SHEET

  20. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 • Maid of Norway died on reaching Orkney causing the succession crisis. • Bishop Fraser believes that Edward should come to an understanding with Balliol, and this is the only way to avoid civil war. • The Earls of Mar and Atholl were collecting their army, which further led to fear of civil war. • Scots were looking for Edward I to arbitrate between the two competitors. • Fear that the guardianship would collapse. • Alexander had had a good working relationship with Edward I of England. • Edward I had a reputation as a statesman. • Fraser’s letter led to a reaction from the Bruce faction: letter of the seven earls. • Balliol was also manoeuvring for the crown, he had established a close relationship with Bishop Bek, Edward’s chief representative in Scotland. • Desire of Edward to revive English claims of overlordship. • The majority of Scots looked kindly on Edward’s intervention, at least at the beginning. Sub issue 2 The reasons for the Scots’ appeal to Edward.

  21. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 • Read through the reasons given for the Scots’ appeal to Edward I • THINK • Rank them individually in order of importance • 5 minutes Sub issue 2 The reasons for the Scots’ appeal to Edward.

  22. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 • Starting with number 3, SHARE your top 3 answers with an explanation of how you came to this conclusion • 2. Come to a group consensus on the top 3- Number 3 will lead this. • Record your top 3 with an explanation of why you think this is important as a reason for the Scots’ appeal to Edward • 4. Do the same again starting with number 4 (number 4 leading the discussion too!) for your next 3 reasons. Sub issue 2 The reasons for the Scots’ appeal to Edward.

  23. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Sub issue 3 Edward’s resolution of the Great Cause

  24. Name Malcolm the IV’s 2 brothers. • Name David the Earl of Huntingdon’s 3 daughters. • What relationship was Margaret the Maid of Norway to Alexander III? • What relationship was John Balliol to David the Earl of Huntingdon? • What relationship was Robert Bruce to David the Earl of Huntingdon? • Who was the rightful king after the death of the Maid of Norway? • Explain why you came to this answer.

  25. HIGHER HISTORY: The Wars of Independence 1286-1328 Sub issue 3 Edward’s resolution of the Great Cause P.14-16 Textbook P.11-12 Pink Booklet Describe in detail Edward’s resolution of the Great Cause. 10 marks Thinks to include: Reasons behind appeal to Edward Edward’s demands at Norham Details of the Great Cause and the competitors The reasons behind Edward’s decision

  26. Contextualisation QuestionsHow fully...?How far...?

  27. MARKING INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS

  28. MARKING INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS • What does this mean? • The question is looking to see how much you know about an Issue or Sub Issue • You need to have 10 separate points in ten separate sentence to gain full marks (10/10). • Up to 4 of the 10 marks can come from the source. • Up to 7 of the 10 can come from recalled knowledge. • Recall marks will be given for: • Developing points in the source • New points • All points must be developed in terms of the question. You cannot have random recall or information from the source.

  29. HOW FULLY...? CONTEXTUALISATION QUESTIONS

  30. Contextualisation questions write up FROM THE SOURCE The source illustrates the growth of resistance to Edward by stating that Andrew de Moray raised his standard at Avoch beginning the Northern Rebellion in 1296 against English domination. The source further illustrates the growth of Scottish resistance to Edward as it states that people in the north such as tenants of Andrew de Moray and citizens of Inverness joined Moray in the Northern rebellion. The source further illustrates the growth of Scottish resistance as it states that the Scots used their local knowledge of the ground to ambush superior English forces which shows the Scots resisting English rule by force in the North. Finally, the source illustrates the growth of Scottish resistance to Edward I by informing us of the capture of numerous castles in the north of Scotland by Moray and his followers which shows that resistance had grown considerably to English rule and that the Scots had considerable forces at their disposal.

  31. Contextualisation questions write up FROM RECALL However, the source fails to illustrate fully the growth of resistance to Edward I between 1296 and 1297. It fails to mention that leading Scots nobles rebelled against Edward but eventually capitulated at Irvine. The source also fails to mention the pinnacle of Scottish resistance to Edward in 1297 which was the battle of Stirling Bridge where Scots forces led by Wallace and Murray (De Moray) routed the English and won a famous victory.

  32. Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92

  33. Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92 The source illustrates the succession problem in Scotland as it states how after Alexander’s death in 1286, without an obvious heir, there was no King of Scots for 6 years until John Balliol was chosen by Edward I. The source further illustrates the succession problem as it states how guardians had to be elected from the church and nobility to rule in the absence of a king after Alexander’s death. The source illustrates the succession problem in Scotland as it tells us that Margaret, Maid of Norway, was the lawful heir to the throne as she was Alexander’s sole surviving grandchild-his children having all died before him.

  34. Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92

  35. Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92

  36. Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92 Self and Peer Assessment 2 colours- One for your self assessment and another for marking your peers work REMEMBER: up to 4 marks for points from the source that are relevant and worded in terms of the question Up to 7 marks for points from recall that are relevant and worded in terms of the question

  37. Issue 2: The succession problem in Scotland 1286-92 • Test your recall: • You have 45 seconds to record in bullet points the information you can remember on each event. • The Death of Alexander III (March 1286) • The Parliament of Scone (April 1286) • The Treaty of Salisbury (1289) • Treaty of Birgham (July 1290) • The Death of Margaret, Maid of Norway (September 1290) • Edward’s Court at Norham (1291-92) • The Great Cause (1291-92) • Edward’s decision (November 1292)

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