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The Thalamus Function in Brain Coordination

Explore the intricate structure and functions of the thalamus, a key component of the forebrain, responsible for sensory relay and cognitive processes in the brain coordination system.

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The Thalamus Function in Brain Coordination

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  1. Forebrain diencephalon telencephalonMidbrainHindbrain

  2. Diencephalon

  3. EpithalamusDorsal thalamusVentral or subthalamusHypothalamusMetathalumus

  4. Dorsal thalamus (thalamus)►an ovoid nuclear mass►borders the third ventricle►anterior pole forming the posterior boundary of the interventricular foramen

  5. ►posterior pole -> pulvinar The brachium of the superior colliculus ►medial geniculate body ►lateral geniculate body

  6. Superior surface►stria terminalis thalamostriate veinbody of the caudate nuclei►external medullary laminathalamus—reticular nucleus►posterior limb of the internal capsulemedial surface►interthalamic adhesion, 1cm►hypothalamic sulcus

  7. Structure of the thalamus Internal medullary lamina Vertical Y-shaped sheet ►anterior nuclei ►medial nuclei dorsal and ventral ►lateral nuclei

  8. ►ventral nuclei►medial geniculate body,lateral geniculate body►intralaminar nuclei☼midline nuclei►reticular nuclie

  9. Anterior nucleiMammillothalamic tractHippocampal formationfornixmamillary nucleimamillothalamic tractanterio nuclei of thalamusthalamocortial pathwaysanterior limbic area, parahipocampal gyrus, corpus callosum, cingulate gyrusregulation of alertness, get information, attention and encoding memories

  10. Medial nucleimediodorsal nucleuspiriform and adjacent cortexamygdala, pallidummedial nucleianterior and medial prefrontal cortexolfactory input

  11. Lateral nucleus Ventral nucleus Ventral anterior nucleus ventral lateral nuclear complex ventral posterior nucleus dorsal nucleus lateral dorsal nucleus lateral posterior nucleus pulvinar

  12. Ventral anterior nucleussubstantia nigra~frontal cortexVentral lateral nucleusglobus palliduspremotor cortexcerebellar nucleispinothalamic tract vestibular nuclei

  13. Ventral posterior nucleus►ventral posterior lateral nucleus medial lemniscus spinothalamic pathwaypostcentral gyrus

  14. ►ventral posterior medial nucleus trigeminal pathwaypostcentral gyrus

  15. Medial genuculate body Superior quadrigeminal brachium Spiral ganglion cochlear nerve Cochlear nuclei Trapezoid body superior olivary nuclei

  16. ->lateral lemniscus->inferior colliculus->inferior quadigeminal brachium->medial geniculate body->transvers superior temporal gyrus

  17. Lateral genuculate nucleusnasal half of each retina  optic nerve (I )optic chiasma contralateral optic tracttemporal half of each retina  opitc nerve(I)optic chiasma ipsilateral optic tract->superior colliculus->superior quadrigeminal brachium

  18. lateral geniculate nucleus,superior colliculus, pretectal areaposterior limb of internal capsuleoptic radiationoccipital cortex in the banks of the calcarine sulcus (area 17)

  19. Ventral thalamus (subthalamus)subthalamic nucleusred nucleus, substantia nigra, glomus pallidus

  20. Epithalamus►►habenular nuclei (medial & lateral)►stria medullaris thalamus►pineal body►posterior commissure

  21. ►Trigonum habenulae►habenular nuclei dorsomedial corner of the thalamus►stria medullaris habenular trigone, ipsilateral habenular nucleus

  22. Posterior commissure complex fasiculus decussating in the posterior pineal lamina

  23. Hypothalamus►lamina terminalis►vertical plane posterior to the mammillary body►hypothalamic sulcus►base of the brain beneath the 3rd ventricle

  24. Optic chiasmtuber cinereumtuberal eminenceinfundibular stalkmamillary bodiesposterior perforated substance

  25. Division and nuclei►chiasmatic (supraotic) region►tuberal region►posterior (mammillary) region►periventricular zone►intermediate (medial) zone►lateral zone

  26. Mammillary body nucleiParaventricular nucleiSupraoptic nucleiantidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopression oxytocin

  27. Connetions of the hypothalamus►visceral and somatic sensory systems►visual and olfactory sensory systems►brainstem, thalamus, limbic structure and neocortex neuroendocrine connetions of the hypo-thalamus with the pituitary gland

  28. Functions of the hypothalamusbiological rhythmesleep-wake cycleregulation of plasma osmotic pressuretemperature regulationregulation of the cardiovascular systemregulation of food intake and metabolismreproduction response to stress

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