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Nyoman Suryadipta, ST, CCNA , CCNP

Chapter III Terrestrial Wireless. Nyoman Suryadipta, ST, CCNA , CCNP. Definition. Terestrial  ( terrestrial ) berarti terkait dengan tanah atau permukaan tanah ( terra , tanah ). (Wikipedia)

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Nyoman Suryadipta, ST, CCNA , CCNP

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  1. Chapter III Terrestrial Wireless Nyoman Suryadipta, ST, CCNA, CCNP

  2. Definition Terestrial (terrestrial) berartiterkaitdengantanahataupermukaantanah (terra, tanah). (Wikipedia) Secaraumumterestrial wireless mengacupadasistemTransmisinirkabelGelombangelektromagnetikmelaluijaringantransmisiberbasisdarat (land-based transmitter)  Wireless Terestrial = Wireless MAN (Metro Area Network)

  3. Global Wireless Standards WAN 3GPP, EDGE (GSM) MAN HiperMAN & HiperAccess IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN ETSI BRAN LAN IEEE 802.11 WirelessLAN HiperLAN/2 PAN IEEE 802.15 Bluetooth ETSI BRAN : European Telecommunications Standards Institute – Broadband Radio Access Network GSC-9, Seoul

  4. IEEE 802 StandardInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers • 802.3 : CSMA/CD (Ehernet) • 802.4 : Token Bus • 802.5 : Token Ring • 802.6 : MAN • 802.11 : Wireless LAN • 802.12 : Gigabit LAN • 802.16 : Fixed Broadband Wireless Access System

  5. Electromagnetic Spectrum

  6. Fixed TerestrialWireless(Fixed Broadband Wireless Access) • WLL • BWA • Radio Link (Backhaul)

  7. WLL (Wireless Local Loop) • KonfigurasiPoint to Point atau Point to Multipoint • Frekuensikerja 3,5 GHz • Kapasitassistem (Bandwidth) Base Station Kapasitas Base Station : Max. 64 x E-1 (Sektorial 180°) Interface to backhaul : N x E-1 Remote KapasitasRemote Station : 64 Kbps s/d 256 Kbps Interface to user : 1 serial (V.35) & 1 Eth. 10/100 BaseT • Misal : Merk AS 4000 (Serial) dan AS 4020 (IP Based)

  8. BWA (Broadband Wireless Access) • Misal : Walkair-SIEMENS • KonfigurasiPoint to Multipoint • Frekuensikerja 3,5 GHz dan 10,5 GHz • Kapasitassistem (Bandwidth) - Base Station 1 Sektor 1 IF-MUX (Maks. 8 BS-BU) (90°) Tiap BS-BU menempatikanal 1.75 MHz bandwidth per 1 Carrier: - 2 * E1 (4 Mbps) net payload - Max 16 Terminal Stations Jumlahkanal (carriers) per sector : - 3.5GHz: Max. 8 carriers per Sector (14 MHz) atau : 16xE1(32 Mbps) - 10.5GHz: Max. 8 carriers per Sector (14 MHz) atau : 16xE1(32 Mbps) • Kapasitassistem (Bandwidth) - Remote Kapasitas Remote Station : 64 Kbps s/d N x E-1 Maks. Bandwidth : 4 E1/BS-BU Interface to user : 1 E1, 1 serial (V.35) & 1 Eth. 10/100 BaseT

  9. Alvarion Airspan Axxcelera Siemens Aperto Redline SR Telecom Telsima

  10. BWA3 Redline

  11. Radio Link • Frekuensikerja 8 GHz dan 13 GHz • KonfigurasiPoint to Point • MiniwaveODU • 15/23/26/38GHz • 1E12FSK Modulation • 2E14-FSK Modulation • Single “multiway” connector • Indoor AC or DC supply • G.703, or V.36 Interface • Outdoor passive or active • DC Only • Misal : Nokia (4 x E1, Eth. 10/100 Base-T), Fresnel (4 x E1, Eth. 10/100 Base-T, E3), Harris Truepoint 5000 (STM-1), Ceragon (STM-1)

  12. Point-to-Multipoint (PMP) Architecture Other architectures: - Point-to-Point (PTP) - Multipoint-to-Multipoint (Mesh) GSC-9, Seoul

  13. HiperAccess Details (1 of 4) Network Topology Model - one APT per carrier - one APC per cell - several sectors per cell - several carriers per sector - overlapping cells (separated by frequency or polarization) Cell with four sectors GSC-9, Seoul

  14. PENGKANALAN PITA 10.5 GHz 10154 10161 10168 10175 10182 10189 10196 10203 10210 fc (DL) 10157.5 10164.5 10171.5 10178.5 10185.5 10192.5 10199.5 10206.5 kanal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 fc (UL) 10507.5 10514.5 10521.5 10528.5 10535.5 10542.5 10549.5 10556.5 10504 10511 10518 10525 10532 10539 10546 10553 10560 10150 10154 10210 10294 10504 10560 10644 10650 8 x 7 MHz (DownLink) 6 x 14 MHz (DownLink) 8 x 7 MHz (UpLink) 6 x 14 MHz (UpLink) GuardBand GuardBand 4 MHz 6 MHz 10210 10224 10238 10252 10266 10280 10294 fc (DL) 10217 10231 10245 10259 10273 10287 kanal 1 2 3 4 5 6 fc (UL) 10567 10581 10595 10609 10623 10637 10560 10574 10588 10602 10616 10630 10644

  15. Link Budget Tools REDLINE Parameter yang dimasukkan Parameter RSSI yang dilihat

  16. RF Signal Strength

  17. RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator)

  18. Advantages of Fixed Wireless • High Speed • High Reliability “Five 99999” • Long Range • Rapid Deployment • Low Operating Cost • No Cables to Trench / Maintain • Minimal right of way issues • Weather-proof (below 10 GHz)

  19. The Fixed Wireless Space • Above 11 GHz • LMDS Systems • Limited Range (Rain equates to < 5 km) • Although high speed, overall cost of ownership extremely high • RADIOS ARE EXPENSIVE, MULTIPLE REPEATERS OFTEN REQUIRED, LICENSED BANDS • Below 11 GHz • Licensed-Exempt vs Licensed • Lower Frequency = longer range • 1st Gen (Spread Spectrum) vs 2nd Gen (OFDM etc) • WLAN based versus BFW Designed

  20. Common Fixed Wireless Applications • Backhaul • Telecom / Carriers • Wireless Internet Service Providers • Mobile Wireless Backhaul • Hotspot • Public Access • Multi Tenant Units / Multi Dwelling Units • Small, Medium, Large Enterprises • Residential • Private Networks • Schools, Government, Utilities, Hospitals • Manufacturing, Oil Rigs, SCADA • Video Surveillance • Business Continuity / Disaster Recovery

  21. Common Applications Business Continuity / Disaster Recovery

  22. Common Applications: Mobility Backhaul

  23. Common Applications: Multi Tenant / Multi Dwelling

  24. Common Applications: Telephony

  25. Common Applications Business Continuity / Disaster Recovery

  26. Common Applications: Private Networks: Schools / Hospitals / Government

  27. Common Applications:Oil Rigs

  28. Radio Propagation Radio propagation is the behavior of radio waves when they are transmitted, or propagated from one point on the Earth to another, or into various parts of the atmosphere. As a form of electromagnetic radiation, like light waves, radio waves are affected by the phenomena of: reflection, diffraction, absorption and scattering.

  29. Radio Propagation • Augustin-Jean Fresnel1788–1827), was a French engineer who contributed significantly to the establishment of the theory of wave optics. Fresnel studied the behaviour of light both theoretically and experimentally.

  30. Fresnel zone: D is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver; r is the radius of the first Fresnel zone (n=1) at point P. P is d1 away from the transmitter, and d2 away from the receiver. The concept of Fresnel zone clearance may be used to analyze interference by obstacles near the path of a radio beam

  31. The general equation for calculating the Fresnel zone radius at any point P in between the endpoints of the link  where, Fn = The Fresnel Zone radius in metres d1 = The distance of P from one end in metres d2 = The distance of P from the other end in metres  = The wavelength of the transmitted signal in metres Where r = radius in metres D = total distance in kilometres f = frequency transmitted in gigahertz.

  32. Fresnel Zone … from buildings …and trees … gives rise to multipath and diffractive effects creating inter-symbol interference (ISI) and severe signal fluctuations….

  33. Antenna Systems • Omni Directional Antenna Systems • Dual Omnis for Monopole Towers • Directional / Sectorised Antenna Systems • Directional Antenna for wall and side-of-tower mounts • Sectored Antenna Configurations (constructed from 6 Antenna Systems) Omni Directional Antenna System Type: Mutually Coupled Dual Omni Antennas Construction: Stacked Dipoles Directional / Sectorised Antenna System Type: Dual Directional Antennas Construction: Microstrip

  34. Rain Fade • Rain fade refers primarily to the absorption of a microwaveradio frequency (RF) signal by atmospheric rain, snow or ice, and losses are especially prevalent at frequencies above 11 GHz.

  35. Throughput

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