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Essential Mathematical Terms for Aspiring Mathematicians

This comprehensive guide provides definitions of fundamental mathematical concepts for aspiring mathematicians. Covering topics from angle bisectors that divide angles into two equal parts to important measurements like kilometers and furlongs, the text explores essential terms such as diameters, chords, and hyperbolas. Each term is presented clearly with numerical examples where necessary, alongside visual references for better understanding. The aim is to equip learners with the basic language of mathematics, essential for further studies in the field.

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Essential Mathematical Terms for Aspiring Mathematicians

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  1. ABC’s For The Aspiring Mathematician By Wyatt Hansen

  2. A Angle Bisector- An angle bisector refers to the the ray (or the line) that divides an angle into two congruent angles. The bisector will divide the angle equally in half.

  3. B Bisector- An angle or a line is bisected when they are cut into two equal parts. The line cutting the angle or line into 2 equal parts is referred to as the bisector. To bisect mean to cut into equal parts.

  4. C Chord- The segment which joins two points on a circle.

  5. D Diameter- A chord that passes through the center of a circle. Also the length of a line that cuts the shape in half.

  6. E Equation- A statement showing the equality of two expressions usually separated by left and right signs and joined by an equals sign.

  7. F Furlong- A unit of measurement - the side length of one square of an acre. One furlong is approximately 1/8 of a mile, 201.17 meters and 220 yards.

  8. G Greatest Common Factor- The largest number common to each set of factors that divides both numbers exactly. E.g., the greatest common factor of 10 and 20 is 10.

  9. H Hyperbola- One type of conic section. The hyperbola is the set of all points in a plane. The difference of whose distance from two fixed points in the plane is the positive constant.

  10. I Inequality- A mathematical equation containing either a greater than, less than or not equal to symbols.

  11. J Jump Discontinuity- A discontinuity for which the graph steps or jumps from one connected piece of the graph to another. Formally, it is a discontinuity for which the limits from the left and right both exist but are not equal to each other.

  12. K Kilometer- A unit of measure that equals 1000 meters.

  13. L Logarithm- A power to which a base, [actually 10] must be raised to produce a given number. If nx = a, the logarithm of a, with n as the base, is x.

  14. M Monomial - An algebraic expression consisting of a single term.

  15. N Natural Numbers - Regular counting numbers.

  16. O Opposite Reciprocal- The result of taking the reciprocal of a number and then changing the sign. Opposite Reciprocal of 5 is -5

  17. P Perpendicular- When two lines or line segments intersect and form right angles.

  18. Q Quintic Polynomial- A polynomial having a degree of 5.

  19. R Right angle- An angle that is 90 dergrees.

  20. S Sphere- Sphere A three dimensional solid consisting of all points equidistant from a given point. This point is the center of the sphere.

  21. T Torus- A doughnut shape. Formally, a torus is a surface of revolution obtained by revolving (in three dimensional space) a circle about a line which does not intersect the circle.

  22. V Vinculum- The horizontal line drawn as part of a fraction or radical.

  23. W Whole Number- A whole number doesn't contain a fraction. A whole number is a positive integer which has 1 or more unit and can be positive or negative.

  24. X X-Axis- The horizontal axis in a coordinate plane.

  25. Y Y-Axis- The vertical axis in a coordinate plane.

  26. Z Zero Slope- The slope of a horizontal line. A horizontal line has slope 0 because all its points have the same y-coordinate.

  27. References Dictionary.com http://math.about.com/library/blw.htm Bing Images http://www.mathwords.com/s/step_discontinuity.htm

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