日本のおんがく

1. 日本のおんがく By アリシャ　エクスマ　と　　ベイリー　ミッドウインター

2. Modern • J-pop • a loosely defined musical genre that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s. • In 1990s, the term J-pop went on to refer to Japanese popular songs except enka • in 2000s, hip hop music and contemporary R&B influences in Japanese music started to gain attention in popular mainstream music.

3. Glay (グレイ, Gurei) • "not black, not white but something in between" • is a rock/pop band from Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan formed by guitarist Takuro and vocalist Teru during high school in 1988. • Glay primarily composes songs in the rock and pop genres, but they have also composed songs using elements of different styles such as reggae and gospel. • As of 2008, they had sold an estimated amount of 28 million records of forty-three singles and 23 million copies of fourteen albums.

4. Glay Takuro: real name Takuro Kubo : guitar (leader and primary songwriter)Teru: real name Teruhiko Kobashi : vocalsJiro: real name Yoshihito Wayama : bassHisashi: real name Hisashi Tonomura : guitar

5. Traditional Music • ががく-Gagaku • かぶき-Kabuki

6. ががく- Gagaku • means "elegant music" • In ancient Japan Gagaku was used as court music. It has been around since the 5th century • It was performed infront of the Imperial Court • Gagaku can be performed as kangen (concert music) which uses winds, strings and percussion or as bugaku (dance music) for which the stringed instruments are omitted. • It was introduced into Japan from China and Korea • Music from China was called togaku • Music from Korea was called komagaku. • Due to the Onin War (1467 to 1477) Gagaku music was stopped in Kyoto for over 100 years. • Gagaku can be heard today in Shinto temples, weddings or court events.

7. かぶき-Kabuki • Kabuki music usually has taiko, shamisen and tsuzumi instruments being played. • Kabuki is a type of Japanese theatre that is known for the use of its drama and for the elaborate make-up worn by some of its performers. • In the beginning female characters were played by men and women. But soon the women began attracting the wrong types of audiences and gaining too much attention from men. • In 1629, women were banned from appearing in kabuki performances. So the men (usually in their teens) took the women's role.

8. Traditional Japanese Instruments • こと- Koto • しゃくはち- Shakuhachi • しゃみせん- Shamisen • たいこ- Taiko

9. こと- Koto • National instrument • 13 strings • You play the Koto by adjusting the strings by moving the bridges before playing, and use three finger picks (on thumb, index finger, and middle finger) to pluck the strings.

10. しゃくはち- Shakuhachi • Bamboo flute • Played like a recorder or clarinet • There are 4 holes on the front and 1 on the back

11. しゃみせん- Shamisen • Three strings • Played like a banjo

12. たいこ- Taiko • large drum played with bachi • can be played by more than one performer at the same time • The very old taiko are made with a tree trunk body and the Japanese chopped both ends off. These ends are carved carefully and the tree body is hollowed out. They fit plates on both ends and tie it with strong, thick grass and seal it • In feudal Japan, taiko were often used to motivate troops, to help set a marching pace, and to call out orders or announcements. Approaching or entering a battle, the taiko yaku (drummer) was responsible for setting the marching pace, usually with six paces per beat of the drum • nine sets of five beats would summon an ally to battle, while nine sets of three beats, sped up three or four times is the call to advance and pursue an enemy.

13. 1. What does Gagaku mean? a) nature music b) elegant music c) flower music d) theatre music Answer: b

14. 2. How many strings does a Shamisen have? a) 4 b) 6 c) 3 d) 13 Answer: c

15. 3. What is Japan’s national instrument? a) koto b) taiko c) shakuhachi d) Shamisen Answer: a

16. 4. How many people are in the band Glay? a) 2 b) 4 c) 1 d) 3 Answer: b

17. 5. What is the stick that is used the play the taiko called? a) gagaku b) bachi c) kabuki d) Koto Answer: b

18. THE END