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Cardiovascular System

Explore the fascinating world of the cardiovascular system, from the structure of the heart to the flow of blood and common disorders like hypertension. Learn about the heart's chambers, valves, and the cardiac cycle.

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Cardiovascular System

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  1. Cardiovascular System

  2. Circulatory System • Transport System • Oxygen • Nutrients CO2 • Blood is circulated through the body via vessels & pumped by the heart

  3. Heart • Begins to beat at 4 wks in utero • Beats an average of 50 – 100 times a minute (called?) • Weighs less than 1 pound & big as the human fist • Contracts about 100,000 times a day • Pumps the equivalent of 2000 gallons of blood through the body • What cavity is the heart located?

  4. Heart • Made of 3 layers • Pericardium – double layer membrane that covers the heart • Myocardium – thickest layer & the muscualar middle layer • Endocardium – innermost cells of smooth muscle that lines the heart & blood vessels • Septum – muscular wall that separates the heart into right & left

  5. Atrium & Ventricles Heart is divided into 4 chambers. The upper chambers are atrium The lower chambers are ventricles

  6. Flow of Blood • Right Atrium received De-oxygenated blood from the body (Superior & Inferior Vena Cava) • Blood then flows through the Triscupid Valve to the Right Ventricle • De-oxygenated blood is then taken to the lungs by the Pulmonary Artery • O2 & CO2 are exchanged in the lungs • Oxygenated blood is taken back heart by the Pulmonary Vein • Oxygenated blood enters the Left Atrium • Travels through the Mitral Valve to the Left Ventricle • Blood goes to the body via the Aorta through the aortic valve

  7. Cardiac Cycle • Is the sequence of events in one heartbeat • Systole – Heart at work • Diastole – Heart at rest • Atrium – Systole / Ventricles – Diastole & vice versa • http://anatimation.com/cardiac/intro.htm

  8. Electrophysiology of the Heart • SA (sinoatrial) node – Pacemaker • AV node – located in the lower interatrial septum • Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle) • Purkinje fibers

  9. CV Disorders • Myocardial Infarction – Death of part of the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen; often the result of an obstruction • Symptoms • Pain radiating up to jaw &/or down arm • Chest Pain (“Elephant sitting on the chest”) • Weakness or lightheadedness • SOB (Shortness of Breath) • Women may have different symptoms!

  10. Heart Murmurs • Heart Murmur - Abnormal or extra sound caused by a malfunctioning heart valve • Mitral valve regurge – heard on Systole • Stenosis - Congenital • Damaged Heart Valve • Rheumatic Heart Fever

  11. Hypertension (HTN) • Stage 1 • Stage 2 • Essential Hypertension – no specific cause • Physical responses to HTN • HA • Blurred vision • Long term effects • Weakness of arteries (lead to aneurysms) • Left Ventricular hypertrophy

  12. HTN Cont. • Prevention • Exercise • Lose weight • Reduce salt intake • Contributing behaviors: • Smoking • Obesity • Stress

  13. Shock • Cardiogenic Shock – • Usually after severe MI or V fib • The heart does not pump & CO decreases • Hypovolemic shock • Decreased blood volume • Heart does not have enough blood to pump • Due to hemorrhage, extreme dehydration • Septic shock • Result of presence of bacteria in blood (septicemia) • Causes the vessels to vasodialate & plasma goes into tissue

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