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Proposal for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Coexistence Framework in 5 and 6GHz Bands

This document outlines a proposed framework for coexistence between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth in the 5 and 6 GHz bands. The key principles of the proposal include requirements and protocol improvements in the Bluetooth Higher Bands specification, incorporating concepts like Detect-And-Avoid (DAA) and Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) to address interference issues. The document introduces the concept of Regulated-Detect-and-Avoid (rDAA) and discusses the state machine for higher band operation. Transition scenarios and examples using rDAA are also presented to demonstrate how Bluetooth devices can minimize interference with Wi-Fi in shared spectrum. Overall, the proposal aims to enhance the coexistence capabilities between Bluetooth and Wi-Fi in higher frequency bands.

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Proposal for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Coexistence Framework in 5 and 6GHz Bands

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  1. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 Proposal for Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Coexistence in 5 and 6GHz Date: YYYY-MM-DD Authors: Name Ratnesh Kumbhkar Affiliations Intel Address 2200 Mission College Blvd, Santa Clara, CA Phone email ratnesh.kumbhkar@intel.com Submission Slide 1 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

  2. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 Introduction • This slide outlines a proposed framework for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth coexistence in the 5 and 6 GHz bands, viewed from the perspective of Bluetooth. Submission Slide 2 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

  3. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 Key Principles of the Proposal • Establish a set of requirements and protocol improvements in the Bluetooth Higher Bands (5 and 6 GHz) specification that would facilitate a toolset for coexistence with Wi-Fi. • Detect-And-Avoid (DAA) • Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) • Regulatory determination • Improvements for Wi-Fi/BT collocated devices • Determine the conditions in which a device uses a feature available in the Higher Bands (HB) coexistence toolset, which may rely on factors such as • Regulatory requirements • Spectrum availability • Channel quality • Presence of other devices Submission Slide 3 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

  4. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 Existing Toolset in Bluetooth for Coexistence • Bluetooth specification supports a form of Detect-and-Avoid (DAA) in Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH) • The implementers are given the freedom to decide the most suitable way to accomplish this goal. • Can be improved upon, as there is no constraint on the timing requirement • Impact of the narrowband transmission on Wi-Fi signal is shown to be significant without a coexistence mechanism. [2][3] • The effectiveness of AFH (as used in 2.4GHz) can be increased. Submission Slide 4 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

  5. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 State Machine for Higher Band Operation rDAA – regulated-DAA (details on the next slide) LBT – Listen before Talk Note: During transition to the higher band, If LBT is mandated by the regulatory body in the selected sub-band, the default state will be LBT, and the rDAA state will not be considered. Otherwise, the default starting state will be rDAA. Submission Slide 5 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

  6. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 Regulated-Detect-and-Avoid (rDAA) The goal is - • To establish an upper limit on the interference caused by Bluetooth device to Wi-Fi when using DAA. • To expand upon the widely used methodology currently utilized in the ETSI domain and the industry at large for 2.4GHz band (EN 300 328) [1] Proposed rDAARequirement A Bluetooth device shall not do cumulative transmissions above X dBm EIRP (e.g., 0dBm) exceeding Y ms (e.g.,20ms) in a 20MHz Wi-Fi channel once an interference energy of at least Z dBm/MHz (e.g., -70dBm/MHz) starts within the same 20MHz channel. Tk T2 No Bluetooth transmission beyond this. Frequency 20 MHz Wi-Fi starts T3 Tk-1 T1 Time Submission Slide 6 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

  7. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 Higher Band Mode • Transition from rDAA to LBT • If there is significant spectrum overlap and Bluetooth is unable to locate an adequate number of channels to function outside the Wi-Fi occupied spectrum. • Likely useful when Wi-Fi has low to moderate traffic load • Transition from LBT to rDAA • If scans find unused spectrum for Bluetooth to use, it may be advantageous to switch to rDAA. • As highlighted in our previous results, relying on LBT-based access can potentially lead to glitches for Bluetooth. [4] • Note: Compliance with regulations will take precedence over the selection of a channel access method. Submission Slide 7 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

  8. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 Example using rDAA Set of parameters ISO interval Number of subevents Subevent duration Bluetooth channel bandwidth Bluetooth hopping bandwidth 7.5ms 2 1ms 2MHz wide scanning capability Different values of observations per second (sum of active and passive scans) – [200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000] Bluetooth device limits transmission to ≤20ms in a 20MHz Wi-Fi channel – Expectation is that total Bluetooth transmission time shall not exceed 8×20ms = 160ms in the Wi-Fi occupied 160MHz band. A 20MHz band is vacated if 50% of channels in this band are found to be busy • • 2MHz • 320MHz (160 channels) 160MHz (overlap of 50%), Eight 20MHz channels Wi-Fi bandwidth Assumptions: A Bluetooth device can obtain the channel state information using the following two methods  Active scans refer to those conducted during normal transmit and receive operations.  Passive scans refers to those carried out during periods of inactivity by specifically turning the scanner ON for scanning purposes • Submission Slide 8 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

  9. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 Collision with Wi-Fi Corresponds to 20ms for this example Submission Slide 9 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

  10. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 Time to Vacate Wi-Fi-occupied Band Submission Slide 10 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

  11. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 Summary • To facilitate a fair coexistence of Bluetooth devices with other non-incumbent users in the higher bands, we suggest introducing a requirement for DAA, referred to as rDAA (regulated-DAA) in this document. • We propose that LBT be employed on a conditional basis or when mandated by the governing regulations. Submission Slide 11 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

  12. January 2024 doc.: IEEE 802.11-24/0007r0 References [1] ETSI EN 300 328 [2] BRAN(21)109e008, Qualcomm [3] 11-23-1259-01-coex-effect-of-no-lbt-nb-on-802-11-devices.pdf, Meta [4] Coexistence study of “Bluetooth Low Energy with LBT” and Wi-Fi, Intel, Bluetooth SIG Submission Slide 12 Ratnesh Kumbhkar, Intel

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