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The Importance of Mitosis in Repairing and Growing Cells

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  1. WHAT…..??????? REPAIRS BROKEN BONES, BURNS, CUTS, AND SCRAPES? CAUSES CANCER? TRANSFORMS US FROM 2 CELLS TO 20 BILLION?

  2. MITOSIS

  3. WHY IS CELL DIVISION IMPORTANT? • Allows organisms, including you, to GROW • Replace old cells • Increases the number of cells

  4. Every day billions of red blood cells in your body are destroyed and need to be replaced --- HOW? MITOSIS During the time it takes to read this sentence, 6 million new red blood cells were produced!

  5. The Cell Cycle Individual cells follow the same life cycle

  6. LENGTH OF CELL CYCLE • Cell Cycle: series of events that takes place from one cell division to the next • Not the same for all cells • Examples • Bean Plants 19hours • Animal Embryos 20 min

  7. CELL CYCLE

  8. STAGES OF THE CELL CYCLE • INTERPHASE • MITOSIS • PROPHASE • METAPHASE • ANAPHASE • TELOPHASE

  9. INTERPHASE • Period of growth &development • Before a cell can divide, a copy of its hereditary material must be made • So each new cell can receive a copy • Nucleus divides & cytoplasm separates

  10. MITOSIS • Mitosis: nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei • Steps • Prophase • Metaphse • Anaphase • Telophase

  11. Chromosomes • A Chromosome is a structure that contains the cell’s hereditary material (DNA) • Found inside the nucleus

  12. Chromosomes • When cells are ready to divide, each duplicated chromosome condenses into thick strands called chromatids • Chromatids: duplicated chromosomes formed during interphase that are thick and coiled together • Needed for mitosis

  13. Centromere

  14. PROPHASE • Chromatids are tightly coiled together • Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disintegrate • Spindle fibers begin to stretch across the cell

  15. Metaphase • The chromatid pairs line up along the equator (or middle) of the cell

  16. Anaphase • Pairs of chromosomes are separated • Each half of the chromatid is pulled to an opposite side of the cell

  17. Telophase • Spindles disappear • Chromosomes uncoil • New nucleus forms • Mitosis ends

  18. Cytokinesis • After mitosis • Cytoplasm separates • Cell membrane moves inward and pinches off • = TWO separate cells

  19. End Result of Mitosis • Division of the nucleus • Produces two new nuclei that are identical to each other and the original cell • Each cell in your body has 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs • Each new cell also has 46 chromosomes

  20. ASEXUAL Reproduction • Sexual reproduction requires two organisms • Asexual reproduction: a new organism is produced from oneparent • Produces offspring that are identical to parent

  21. Strawberry • Reproduce asexually • Produce horizontal stems called runners that create new strawberries

  22. Bacteria & Cell Division? • Bacteria CANNOT reproduce by mitosis • They are prokaryotic – • NO Nucleus • Reproduce by fission • Used by cells with no nucleus to copy genetic information and divide

  23. Budding • New organism grows from the body of the parent • When the bud is large enough it breaks away to live on its own

  24. Regeneration • Some organisms can regrow damaged or lost body parts • Sea Stars

  25. Mitosis & Health Connection • Cancer is the result of errors during mitosis • Normally healthy cells being reproducing out of control and can grow into structures called tumors

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