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Counseling Theories

Counseling Theories. Existential philosophy. Approach to human relationship, not a set of techniques Stresses individual responsibility, choice, freedom Accept your aloneness and create meaning You’re the author of your life. Existential philosophy. Self awareness

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Counseling Theories

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  1. Counseling Theories

  2. Existential philosophy • Approach to human relationship, not a set of techniques • Stresses individual responsibility, choice, freedom • Accept your aloneness and create meaning • You’re the author of your life

  3. Existential philosophy • Self awareness • No excuses blamed on environment

  4. Goals Help client make critical choices Accept freedom/responsibility that accompany action Challenge client to recognize ways they aren’t authentic and make choices leading to showing what they’re capable of Key concepts Self awareness Anxiety is inherent, but… Death The Dash Meaning of life Good for those seeking personal growth, especially at life transitions Existential

  5. Solution Focused Brief TherapyPhilosophy • Clients are experts in their life • Don’t let anxiety get in the way

  6. Brief Therapy techniques • Miracle ?-- How would life be different if you woke up tomorrow and you were “fixed”? • Look for what’s working…When was the last time you remember getting along w/your father? ID exceptions • scaling

  7. Cognitive Theory (Philosophy) • What area of your life do you want to improve? • Change core beliefs • Problem solving oriented

  8. Goals modify beliefs Id distorted beliefs so client can relate to others differently Key concepts Self talk Assertiveness training Relaxation Social skills training Rate intensity of feeling Depression/suicidal scale Cognitive Behavior Theory

  9. Family Systems TherapyPhilosophy • Impt to deal w/all parts of system if change is to take place • Lots of stories and each is true, No absolute reality so we don’t judge • Dysfunction is w/i the system

  10. Family Systems therapytechniques • Adlerian—birth order, unlock mistaken goals so they can get to effective parenting • Bowen—myths , rules, multi-generational, therapist MUST stay neutral

  11. Behavior therapyPhilosophy Behavior is product of learning • Classical conditioning • Operant conditioning • Social learning • Cognitive behavior

  12. Goals Eliminating maladaptive behavior and learning a more effective behavior Key concepts Specific treatment goals Any technique can be incorporated (i.e. assertiveness training) Good for multi cultural flooding Behavior therapy

  13. Multi-modal • B ehavior • A ffect • S ensation • I magery—memories, dreams, fantasies • C ognition—insight ideas, self-talk, values, judgments • I nterpersonal relationships • D rugs/Diet

  14. Multi modal methods • Design interventions • Concrete/measurable goals • Role play • Data collection, feedback to change behavior

  15. Reality Therapy • We choose our behavior and how we • ACT • THINK • FEEL irresponsible vs. responsible • Behaviors aimed at satisfying needs of SURVIVAL, LOVE, BELONGING, POWER, FREEDOM • Accept personal responsibility

  16. Goals Help people find better ways (in other words not irresponsibly) to meet needs for survival, love, belonging, power, freedom, fun And accept responsibility Making decisions, taking action and control of one’s own life Key concepts It’s confrontational! WDEP W wants, exploring needs/perceptions D direction, what r u doing, where is it leading E valuation, challenge P lanning We only control our own behavior. 80/20 Reality therapy

  17. Reality Therapytechniques • No excuses • Brainstorm • New plan • Logical consequences • So is it or did it work?

  18. Goals Challenge illogical thinking Re-education Key concepts + self talk Overgeneralization Distortions Catastrophizing Fortune telling Misused words (SHOULD, OUGHT, ALWAYS, NEVER) Don’t have to be loved/accepted Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

  19. REBT techniques • A actual event • B belief system re: event • C consequences for that belief • D isputing the irrational belief • E ffect of Self-Talk • F eeling

  20. Person Centered philosophy • Belief that client can resolve their own problems • NO ADVICE

  21. Goals Have client teach us about their life Provide a safe climate so they can drop pretenses Key concepts Active listening Empathy Unconditional positive regard for client Non judgmental Reflecting client’s feelings genuineness Person Centered therapy

  22. Gestalt philosophy • Here and now • Ask WHAT/HOW---not WHY?’s • Client is active in therapy as they come to grips with thoughts, feelings, & actions • No interpretation, force awareness

  23. Goals Accept what we are or are not and Self awareness Key concepts Confront incongruent behaviors, thoughts, actions Body lang, non-verbal cues are key in determining thoughts & feelings Unfinished business Gestalt

  24. Gestalt techniques • Empty chair—role play • Visualization • Fantasy • Projection

  25. Psycho-dynamic philosophy • Humans can be understood by looking at where they are going and what they are striving toward • YOU are in control • Get over inferiority; strive for S-U-C-C-E-S-S • + view of human nature

  26. Goals Help clients understand why they act like they do Challenge mistaken notions and faulty assumptions RCB stuff Key concepts Good listening skills/reflection Homework Birth order Thinking patterns motivated by social interest Early recollections Family constellation Psychodynamic (Adlerian)

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