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Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry. Mass – Mass Relationships within Chemical Reaction. What is Stoichiometry?. Simply put, STOICHIOMETRY is the study of the RELATIONSHIP between REACTANTS and PRODUCTS in a chemical reaction.

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Stoichiometry

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  1. Stoichiometry Mass – Mass Relationships within Chemical Reaction

  2. What is Stoichiometry? • Simply put, STOICHIOMETRY is the study of the RELATIONSHIP between REACTANTS and PRODUCTS in a chemical reaction. • In other words, if there is X amount of reactants, what mass of product can be produced?

  3. Recall that a CHEMICAL EQUATION represents what occurs on the SUBATOMIC LEVEL in a chemical reaction. • An equation is the chemist’s “RECIPE” so to speak.

  4. In STOICHIOMETRY, the chemist studies the amountofreactanTs/Products required/produced in a CHEMICAL REACTION. • Generally, a stoichiometric calculation has THREE PARTS:

  5. 1. Convert the starting quantity of substance [reactants or products] to MOLES: • A. If the reactant/product is an ELEMENT, find the ATOMIC MASS on the periodic table; remember the unit is g/mole. • B. If the reactant/product is a COMPOUND, calculate the FORMULA WEIGHT of the compound, also in G/MOLE.

  6. 2. Establish the MOLE RATIO from the BALANCED EQUATION: • The mole ratio is the RATIO OF THE COEFFICIENTS of the two substances in question. • Example 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O • What is the MOLE RATIO between Hydrogen and Water? • 2 mol H2 : 2 mol H2O

  7. 3. Convert MOLES OF FINAL SUBSTANCE [REACTANTS/PRODUCTS] to GRAMS of FINAL SUBSTANCE. • You will need to calculate the FORMULA WEIGHT OF THE FINAL SUBSTANCE. • 4. Round the FINAL ANSWERtoSIGNIFICANT FIGURES.

  8. EXAMPLE PROBLEM • Table Salt, Sodium Chloride, is formed by the reaction of Chlorine gas with Sodium metal according to the equation: • 2Na + Cl2 2 NaCl • How many grams of Sodium Chloride could be formed from 45.0 grams of Sodium?

  9. Steps • 1. If necessary, BALANCE THE EQUATION. • 2. LABEL the amount(s) GIVEN and the amount(s) to BE FOUND. • 2Na + Cl2 2 NaCl45.0 g ? g • 3. Set up a STOICHIOMETRY DIAGRAM:

  10. Starting AmountMole Ratio • ______________________ = _______ • X • Grams MolesMoleGrams

  11. 4 Begin with the AMOUNT GIVEN and work toward the AMOUNT PRODUCED.

  12. 45.0 g Na 1 mole Na 2 mol NaCl 58.44 g = • X 22.989 g Na 2 mol Na 1 molNaCl • 5. MULTIPLY all values ACROSS THE TOP, then all values ACROSS THE BOTTOM, then DIVIDE the TOP by BOTTOM. • = 5,259.60 g = 114.39 g = 114 g NaCl • 45.978

  13. Pratice Problem • If Calcium Hydroxide reacts with Hydrogen Chloride according to the following equation, how many grams of Calcium Chloride would be formed if 75.0 grams of Calcium Hydroxide are used in the reaction? • Ca(OH)2 + 2 HCl CaCl2 + 2 H2O

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