Chapter 20 The World War I Era

1. Chapter 20The World War I Era

2. Section I: The Road To War

3. Section I: Key Terms Militarism Mobilization Central Powers Allies Stalemate Autocrat

4. Section I: The Road To War • Causes of WWI • Imperialism • Militarism • Nationalism • Alliances (entangling alliances)

5. Section I: The Road To War • Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary • GavriloPrincip of Bosnia • Cause of WWI?

6. Section I: The Road To War • The Start of War • Austria-Hungary had fought with Serbia over control of Bosnia • Austria-Hungary was convinced that Serbia was responsible for the Archdukes death • July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • This action officially begins WWI

7. Section I: The Road To War • Russia (Serbia Protector) Mobilized • Germany (Austria-Hungary Ally) reacts to Russia • France (Russian Ally) Mobilizes • Germany declares war on Russia / France • Germany invades Belgium (to get to France) • Great Britain (Belgium’s ally) declares war on Germany • U.S. stays neutral

8. Section I: The Road To War • Central Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Allies • Russia • France • Serbia • Great Britain

9. Section I: The Road To War • New Technology • Trench Warfare • Machine Guns • Hand Grenades • Artillery • Poison Gas • U-Boats

10. Section II: The U.S. Declares War

11. Section II: Key Terms • U-Boat • Sussex Pledge • Filibuster • Zimmerman Telegraph (Note) • Russian Revolution

16. Section II: The U.S. Declares War • America was Neutral • America Supported Allies • Militarism • Utterseeboot – Uboats

18. Section II: The U.S. Declares War • Lusitania – British Passenger Liner • May 7, 1915 Torpedoes Sunk • Carried Weapons to Allies • 1200 Dead (128 Americans) • Germany promised to stop sinking ships without warning • Sussex – French Passenger Liner • March 24, 1916 Torpedoes Sunk • Sussex Pledge – Germans again promised to warn before attacking • February 1, 1917 Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare

21. Section II: The U.S. Declares War • President Wilson • Congress refused • Zimmerman Note • German Secretary sent a note to Mexico • Ally with Germany • Mexico gets Texas, New Mexico, Arizona • Angered Americans

22. Section II: The U.S. Declares War • 1917 – 1918 Russia Pulled Out of War • Czar Nicholas and Family Killed • Russian Revolution • March 1917 • Germany Sinks Three U.S. Ships • April 6, 1917 U.S. Enters War

24. Section III: Americans on the European Front

25. Section III Key Terms • Selective Service Act • American Expeditionary Force • Convoy • Armistice • Genocide

26. Section III: Americans on the European Front • April 1917 U.S. Enters WWI • U.S. Armed Forces 200,000 • General “Black Jack” Pershing • 14,500 Troops go to Europe • Pershing needed more men • May 1917 Selective Service Act (Draft) • 3 million men were drafted

30. Section III: Americans on the European Front • American Expeditionary Force (AEF) • U.S. Troops • Convoy – a group of unarmed ships surrounded by heavily armed destroyers. • June 1917 AEF arrives in France

32. Section III: Americans on the European Front AEF Turns the Tide of the War • No trenches • No retreat • Tank Warfare pushed East toward Germany • Red Baron, Sgt York

33. Section III: Americans on the European Front • By Fall of 1918 Germany was in full retreat • Kaiser Wilhelm sought a peace settlement • Allies insisted on total surrender • November 11, 1918 Armistice (cease fire) • Treaty came later

34. Section III: Americans on the European Front • WWI 8 million dead in combat (book estimates) • AEF 50,000 • British 900,000 • Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Russia • Over 1 million each • Actual numbers were much higher • Influenza epidemic 50 -100 million dead

35. Section IV: On The Home Front(Skip)

36. Section IV Key Terms • Liberty Bond • Price Controls • Rationing • Daylight Savings Time • Sedition • Vigilante

37. Section IV:

38. Section IV:

39. Section IV:

40. Section V: Global Peacemaker

41. Section V Key Terms • Fourteen Points • Self-Determination • Spoils • League of Nations • Reparations • Versailles Treaty

42. Section V: Global Peacemaker • November 11, 1918 Armistice • President Wilson’s Program for Peace • Fourteen Point Plan • End entangling alliances • Removal of trade barriers • Reduction in arms • League of Nations • others

43. Section V: Global Peacemaker • January 1919 • Paris Peace Conference • Fourteen Point Plan rejected by Allies • Allies wanted to punish Germany • Allies wanted Spoils or rewards of war • Territory • Allies wanted Reparations ($33 Billion) • President warned of consequences of punishing Germany to harshly • Allies had a point (WWI fought in Europe not U.S.)

44. Section V: Global Peacemaker • May 7, 1919 • The Treaty of Versailles • Reparations, Spoils, Disarmament for Germany, and League of Nations • Germany first refused to sign it • French threatened to invade Germany • June 28, 1919 Treaty signed

45. Section V: Global Peacemaker • President Wilson returned home with Treaty of Versailles • Congress must ratify any Treaty (Constitution) • Congress refused to ratify Treaty • Congress objected to League of Nations • U.S. would become world policemen • U.S. never signed Treaty of Versailles, never joined League of Nations. • U.S. signed separate Treaties with Germany, Austria, and Hungary

46. Section V: Global Peacemaker • Following WWI • World economies began to struggle…..