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Nematodes and Tree Fruits

Nematodes and Tree Fruits. Howard Ferris Department of Nematology University of California, Davis hferris@ucdavis.edu November 4, 1999. female. male. male. female. male. female. Plant-feeding nematodes……. Cause mechanical injury to cells and tissues Cause cell death

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Nematodes and Tree Fruits

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  1. Nematodes and Tree Fruits Howard Ferris Department of Nematology University of California, Davis hferris@ucdavis.edu November 4, 1999

  2. female male

  3. male female

  4. male female

  5. Plant-feeding nematodes…….. • Cause mechanical injury to cells and tissues • Cause cell death • Modify cell development • Modify cell function • Disrupt uptake of water and nutrients • Alter photosynthate partitioning • Create avenues of ingress • Predispose plants to other stresses

  6. Signs and symptoms….. • Stunting, slow growth, dieback • Chlorosis and nutrient deficiencies • Wilting • Reduced yield • Lack of response to other treatments • Root symptoms • Root tip stunting • Galls at root tip or along roots • Lesions on roots

  7. Migratory endoparasite of • almond • apricot • peach • nectarine • plum • prune • walnut • grape • rose Lesion nematodes

  8. Migratory ectoparasite of • almond • apricot • peach • nectarine • plum • prune • walnut • cherry • grape • grasses Predisposes Prunus sp. to bacterial canker Ring nematodes

  9. Meloidogyne spp Root-knot nematodes • Sedentary endoparasites of • Lovell peach root • English walnut • Many grape cultivars • Many weed species • Many cover crops

  10. Migratory ectoparasite of • almond • apricot • peach • nectarine • plum • prune • walnut • cherry • grape Virus vector in Prunus sp. Dagger nematodes

  11. Migratory ectoparasite of • almond • apricot • peach • nectarine • plum • prune • walnut • cherry • grape Pin nematodes

  12. Management strategies…. • Planting site selection, non-host rotation • Preplant soil disinfestation • Clean equipment, water • Certified planting stock • Rootstock selection • Biological antagonists, the soil food web • Postplant management • amendments • nematicides • cover crops

  13. Preplant disinfestation - nematicides • Methyl bromide • 1,3-dichloropropene (Telone) • metam sodium (Vapam)

  14. Cover / Rotation Crops

  15. Rootstock selection - Juglans

  16. Rootstock selection - Prunus

  17. Biological antagonists, the soil food web • Bacteria • Fungi • Nematodes • Microarthropods Consider: • Food web maturity • Susceptibility to disturbance • Indicators of food web condition

  18. Postplant management - amendments • onion • garlic • pumpkin • rapeseed • herbal remedies • cover crops and green manures

  19. A) Ac = Allium cepa, As = Allium sativum, Cc = Coptis chinensis, Ec = Eugenia caryophyllata, Nt = Nicotiana tabacum, Sa = Sinapis alba. B) Ac = Asparagus cochinchinensis, Me = Manihot esculenta, Ss = Stemona sessifolia, Zo = Zingiber officinale. C) Ap = Andrographis paniculata, Gb = Ginkgo biloba, Hh = Hedera helix, Sa = Senna alexandrina. D) Cl = Coix lacryma-jobi, No = Nerium oleander, Rc = Ricinus communis, Tg = Torreya grandis.

  20. Postplant management - nematicides

  21. Management strategies - Summary • Planting site selection, rotation • Clean equipment • Certified planting stock • Rootstock selection • Preplant disinfestation • Biological antagonists, the soil food web • Postplant management • amendments • nematicides • cover crops

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