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Newton's Law of Gravitation and its Applications

Explore the force of gravity, acceleration due to gravity, gravitational potential energy, escape velocity, and circular orbits. Learn how to calculate gravitational variables and understand the impact of altitude, latitude, and local variations on weight. Dive into examples like satellite motion and gravitational potential energy changes.

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Newton's Law of Gravitation and its Applications

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  1. PHYSICS 50: Lecture 11.1 RICHARD CRAIG

  2. Homework #11 • Chapter 12 • We will skip 12.8 • 12.3, 12.13, 12.23, 12.54, 12.55 • Due Tuesday April 22

  3. Today • Force of Gravity • Examples • Acceleration due to gravity • Gravitational Potential energy • Escape velocity • Circular Orbits • Examples

  4. Newton’s Law of Gravitation • There is a force of attraction between any two masses • F = Gm1m2/R2 • G is a universal constant • G = 6.67 x 10-11Nm2/kg2

  5. Newton’s Law of Gravitation

  6. Examples • Me and you • Me and earth • Three particles

  7. Calculate gravitational variables To add forces due to multiple masses you must add vectors

  8. Weight (skip Weight Watchers, just climb upward) • Gravity (and hence, weight) decreases as altitude rises.

  9. Things that effect your “weight” • Altitude • Latitude • “Local” variations in rocks • Barometric pressure

  10. Gravitational force changes densities below sea level • Just as it’s interesting to remember that all gravitational forces are calculated from the center of the planet, it’s interesting to follow the density as one proceeds from crust to mantle to core. • “Want to get away”? Consider Example 12.4 to calculate gravity on Mars.

  11. Gravitational potential energy • Objects changing their distance from earth are also changing their potential energy with respect to earth.

  12. Escape Velocity • If an object has enough kinetic energy to overcome the gravitational potential energy it can escape from the gravitational pull • 1/2 mv2 > GmM/R

  13. Satellite motion

  14. Consider satellite orbits

  15. Circular Orbit Examples • Low Earth Orbit (LEO) • Geosynchronous orbit • Moon

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