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Explore the responses of linear potentiometers, thermocouples, pressure transducers, and accelerometers in different systems. Understand first and second-order system behaviors.
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Figure 11.2 Response of a first-order measurement system to a step change in input: (a) forcing function; (b) system output.
Figure 11.3 Response of a first-order system to a ramp input: (a) forcing function; (b) output response.
Figure 11.4 (a) Amplitude and (b) phase response of a first-order system to a sinusoidal input.
Figure 11.5 Common applications of thermocouples: (a) bare junction; (b) sheathed thermocouple; (c) thermowell.
Figure E11.1 Thermocouple response to gas and aqueous environments.
Figure E11.2 Variation of actual and measured (thermocouple) temperatures.
Figure 11.7 Response of second-order system to a step input.
Figure 11.8 (a) Amplitude and (b) phase response of a secondorder system to a sinusoidal input.
Figure 11.10 Model of pressure transducer–sensing line system.
Figure 11.12 Model of gas-filled pressure-transducer–sensing-line system.
Figure 11.13 Basic mechanical model for an accelerometer: (a) schematic diagram; (b) free-body diagram.
Figure 11.14 Amplitude response of a vibrometer to a harmonic input.
