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NEMO (NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory): Toward a km 3 Neutrino Telescope

NEMO (NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory): Toward a km 3 Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. Marco Circella Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bari, Italy on behalf of the NEMO Collaboration. NEMO (NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory): Toward a km 3 Neutrino Telescope

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NEMO (NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory): Toward a km 3 Neutrino Telescope

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  1. NEMO (NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory): Toward a km3 Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea Marco Circella Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Bari, Italy on behalf of the NEMO Collaboration

  2. NEMO (NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory): Toward a km3 Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea • What we will be talking about: • a km3 Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea? • R&D for a km3 Neutrino Telescope • the site selection • the NEMO apparatus: the “tower” approach • Prototyping activity: NEMO-Phase 1 and 2

  3. Motivations for a km3 Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea • No doubt we need a km3 detector for -astrophysics! Then: • a Mediterranean detector will complement the ICECUBE sky survey • crosschecks between the two detectors will be possible • it will be possible to observe the Galactic center

  4. Constraints for a km3 Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea • detector installation is an issue • optical background in sea-water due to 40K-decay and bioluminescence • the apparatus is not rigid in the sea currents • high-pressure salted water is not a friendly environment...

  5. Solutions for a km3 Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea • detector installation is an issue • keep the number of structures to a minimum, prepare structures which can be easily transported and deployed (the “tower” approach!) • optical background in sea-water due to 40K and bioluminescence • choose a suitable site!!! • the apparatus is not rigid in the sea currents • position monitoring system needed • high-pressure salted water is not a friendly environment... • low-cost solutions need to be developed for mechanical structures

  6. NEMO R&D activities toward a km3 Detector • R&D for selected items: • low-consumption Front-End electronics • large area hybrid photomultiplier • material choice and design of mechanical structures • time calibration through a dedicated optical fibre system • Commercial solutions when available: • high-bandwidth SDH data communication system • Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) • cables and connectors • power distribution • acoustic positioning system

  7. NEMO-KM4 80 km NEMO km3Optimal site • 80 km at SE of Capo Passero, Sicily • 3500 m depth • more than 25 sea campaigns for characterization since 1998 • very good characteristics as to: water optical properties, sea currents, optical background, sedimentation,... • 1 primary Junction Box • 8-9 secondary Junction Boxes • 64-81 towers • 140 m grid pitch • 64-72 PMT on each tower • 4096-5832 PMT in total Huge apparatus of more than 1 km side and 800 m tall see Tommaso Chiarusi’s presentation

  8. Tower Secondary JB Primary JB NEMO-KM4 80 km 140-180 m 140-180 m Electro-optical cable to shore NEMO km3Telescope layout 1120-1440 m NEMO km3 proposal: 10 junction boxes, 81 towers, 5832 PMTs

  9. 2 PMTs at each edge 16 m A tower floor “Folded” tower for transportation and deployment The tower approach (and design) • Semi-rigid structures, which can be “easily” assembled and packed • 4 PMTs on each floor (two looking downwards, two looking horizontally) • after installation, floors are kept mutually perpendicular • PMT arrangement extensively investigated through simulations

  10. 106107 GeV 105106 GeV 104105 GeV 103104 GeV The NEMO simulated performance Muon effective area Neutrino effective area Median angle between muon simulated and reconstructed track

  11. The Tower deployment Remark: the tower design has been performed in tight connection with leading underwater operation companies

  12. The Tower deployment: tests • Installation and recovery test of a 1:5 4-floor tower performed in Spring 2004 • mechanical properties of the tower and installation/recovery procedures extensively simulated • installation and recovery test of a full-size 4-floor tower will be performed in Fall 2005

  13. Shore station in the port of Catania Geoseismic station SN-1 (INGV) 5 km e.o. cable 21 km e.o. Cable with single steel shield Branching Unit 2.5 km e.o. Cable with double steel shield 25 km 5 km e.o. cable TSN TSS Catania 80 km NEMO-KM4 NEMO Phase 1 The NEMO prototyping activities • The Catania test site: • 25 km off the coast of Catania • 2000 m depth • already equipped with a double-termination cable

  14. Installation of the cable termination panels at the test site (January 2005) • Recovery of the two terminations of the cable • Installation of the termination panels • Deployment of the termination panels • ROV-connection of the acoustic monitoring system ONDE • ROV-connection of the geoseismic platform SN-1 • (Remark: ONDE and SN-1 fully operational since January) (see Giorgio Riccobene’s presentation)

  15. Installation of the cable termination panels at the test site (January 2005) ROV connection

  16. NEMO Phase 1 • Purpose: to test all critical components for the construction of the km3 detector • Structure: it comprises a junction box and a reduced-size tower (4 floors with 16 PMTs) schedule: to be completed in 2006

  17. shore station in the port (acquired; work in progress) Interdisciplinary activities NEMO-KM4 Long-distance electro-optical cable: purchase in 2005, deployment in 2006 -3500 m The NEMO Phase 2 project: building the infrastructures for a 3500 m deep-sea apparatus (& testing a full-size NEMO tower)

  18. Conclusions & perspectives • The NEMO Collaboration is working on a long-term R&D program toward the construction of a km3 neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea • The NEMO Phase 1 project is ongoing at an underwater test site offshore Catania: • - infrastructure (cable to shore, shore station) ready • - junction box to be deployed in early 2006 • - a reduced-size tower to be deployed in 2006 • The NEMO Phase 2 project has also started at the optimal km3 site: • - work to equip the onshore station started • - electro-optical cable to be purchased by the end of 2005, deployed in 2006 • - full-size tower to be deployed in 2007 • Working for the future neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean: • - ANTARES-NEMO-NESTOR consortium in the KM3Net EU Design Study: • - EU-sponsored activity for a European-scale Design Study for a km3 neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea: project accepted for funding • - negotiations with EU about to start activity expected to start in early 2006 • - 2nd VLVnT (Very Large Volume -Telescope) workshop to be held in Catania, • 8-11 Nov. 2005

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