Shane LaRosa , Rachel Cook, Jessica Soto

1. Shane LaRosa, Rachel Cook, Jessica Soto Bacteria Carmen Valentino &

2. Examples of Kingdom Pseudomonas fluorescens Escherichia coli bacteria Salmonella

3. Adaptations • Antibiotic Resistance • Introduction of an antibiotic is frequently followed by the development of resistance to the agent • Acquired Resistance • This resistance is almost always due to a change in the genetic make-up of the bacterial genome. • Environmental Adaptation • Bacteria adapt to other environmental conditions as well. These include adaptations to changes in temperature, pH, and the nature of the surrounding support. • An example is the response shown by Vibrioparahaemolyticus to growth in a watery environment versus a more viscous environment. In the more viscous setting, the bacteria adapt by forming what are called swarmer cells. These cells adopt a different means of movement, which is more efficient for moving over a more solid surface.

4. A complex kingdom… • In 1998, an American microbiologist worked out that the total number of bacteria on Earth. He predicted the number to be around 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. • Count them, that’s 30 zeros… • There are fewer than 9,000 known species of bacteria known to man but experts have estimated the diversity of bacteria range from 107 to 109 total species though most micro cannot be sure whether this is an accurate estimate as it can easily be off by a great amount beyond comprehension.

5. A complex kingdom… • It is apparent that bacteria is a vastly diverse kingdom with an estimated amount of species around a few trillion and the total amount of bacteria on Earth over 5 nonillion. • Bacteria have the ability to adapt and mutate depending on their situation and environment. • There are always new bacteria due to this. • Developing immunities also changes their genetic makeup. • For these reasons, the bacteria kingdom the most complex and diverse of them all.