“Mission Four” Achieving 4% Agricultural Growth Across Agro-climatic Regions Dr. N.B. Singh

1. “Mission Four” Achieving 4% Agricultural Growth Across Agro-climatic Regions Dr. N.B. Singh Agriculture Commissioner Ministry of Agriculture

2. Overview - Indian Agriculture • 51% of total population dependent on Agriculture • 70% of rural population • 21% of GDP • 141 m ha net sown area • 0.3% of public investment to GDP • 2.6% of Plan Outlay • 2% agro-processing • 2.3% of the world’s geographical area • 16.8% of the world’s population • 4.2% of the world’s water Stress on Land and Water

3. Slowdown in Agriculture Growth (%) A Matter of Concern

4. Investment in Agriculture (% of GDP) Only 0.3% of GDP in Public investment for 51% of Population

5. Contribution of Sectors of Agriculture in Ag GDP (2003-04)

6. Agro-climatic Regions • Western Himalayan • Eastern Himalayan • Lower Gangetic Plains • Middle Gangetic Plains • Upper Gangetic Plains • Trans Gangetic Plains • Eastern Plateau & Hills • Central Plateau & Hills • Western Plateau & Hills • Southern Plateau & Hills • East Coast Plains & Hills • West Coast Plains & Ghats • Gujarat Plains & Hills • Western Dry • Island

7. Yield Gap in Crops * Lint x 3 = Kapas Note: Potential Yield is the average yield of 5 years (1996-2000) of 5 best entries in Advance Varietal Trial – II of All India Coordinated Trials Reference: Agriculture Situation in India, August’2002 pp 259-266

8. Regional Variation in Productivity of Foodgrains (tons / ha)

9. Region Specific Constraints

10. Common Constraints • Water - Lack of irrigation in 60% area - Low water use efficiency and water management • Genetic Erosion • Weak linkage between Research and Extension • Low seed replacement – as low as 5% in some crops • Soil degradation/fatigue due to improper & Inadequate nutrient application • Increasing biotic & abiotic stresses • Limited Credit Access • Insufficient market related infrastructure

11. Crop-wise area under Irrigation (million hectare) (2003-04)

12. Nutrient Use (million tons) Distortion leading to stagnating

13. Nutrient (NPK) Usage (2002) : Distortion leading to stagnation In 2003-04 : 36 m tons Product/Fertilizer = 18.6 m tons Nutrient (NPK)

14. Elasticity of crop output with respect to Fertilizer and Irrigation Source: NCAP/ICAR

15. Case Study – RiceCorrelation of Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) to Productivity Source: DAC/MOA

16. Short Term Strategy • Better integration amongst Research, Education and Extension • Place emphasis on agro-ecological systems rather than just commodity specific • Enhance availability of certified seeds of hybrids / high-yielding varieties, quality planting material – import if necessary • Improve seed replacement by 15% per year • Intensify campaign for adoption of hybrids e.g. rice, maize, Jowar, cotton, Arhar, etc. – region-wise. • SAUs, KVKs to be accessible and responsible for large-scale technology demonstration and training • Raise cropping intensity from 135% to 150% - through multiple / inter cropping, specially in plateau region

17. Short Term Strategy • Improve water use efficiency - presently <40% - by 10% through drip/sprinkler & better water management • Incentivise balanced fertilizer use & improve nutrient use efficiency • Adoption of improved Agriculture Practices including conservation tillage and farm mechanisation • Promote integrated farming system in dryland areas • Easy credit availability • Provide insurance / risk cover and marketing support • Strengthen Extension services in States • Encourage Public-Private Partnership (e.g. Contract farming and technology transfer)

18. Long Term Strategy • Increase Public Sector investment in agriculture – at least 10% of Plan outlay – State & Central • Enhance Investment in biotechnology, research and extension • Integrate Research, education and extension • Emphasis on increasing pulses & oilseeds production • Completion of on-going irrigation projects • Incentivise balanced use of fertilizer • Watershed development & protective irrigation in dry land areas • Policy on wasteland development and cultivable area expansion – biofuel / biodiesel • Encourage diversification area-wise while ensuring food security • Investment in Agro-processing & post harvest infrastructure

19. Action Plan : Using Short-Term Strategy to enhance production ofWheat in Potential Regions

20. Action Plan: Using Short-Term Strategy to enhance production of Rice in Potential Regions

21. Action Plan: Using Short-Term Strategy to enhance production of Maize in Potential Regions

22. Action Plan: Using Short-Term Strategy to enhance Production of Pulses – Gram (Chana)

23. Action Plan: Using Short-Term StrategyIncrease Production of Groundnut in Potential Regions

24. Action Plan: Using Short-Term StrategyIncrease Production of Cottonin Potential States

25. Production of Various Horticultural Crops (Million tonnes)

26. Strategy for Horticulture Growth • Launch of National Horticulture Mission • Target: • Strengthening of infrastructure for production of quality planting material • Rejuvenation of senile orchards with high yielding cultivars • Area expansion under potential crops – region-wise • Technological Intervention: Includes high density planting, INM, IPM, Micro-irrigation, fertigation, greenhouse cultivation • Minimize post harvest losses through creation of infrastructure for proper grading, packaging, storage including CA storage, cold chains & Irradiation, reefer vans and markets

27. Growth in Livestock Sector • Highest cattle and buffalo population in the world - 185 million • Milk production 99.1 million tonnes annually - India is the largest milk producer. • Improvement in productivity through – • Genetic up-gradation • Selective cross breeding • Effective control of animal diseases. • Fodder & feed development. • Commercial poultry • Creation of disease free zones

28. Growth in Livestock Products

29. Fish Production (million Tonnes)

30. Prospects for Growth in Fisheries Sector Current fish production: 6.4 million tonnes 54% from inland fisheries 46% from marine Production increase through: Stock Management Mariculture Deep sea fishing Reservoir fisheries management Pen culture Inlands Aquaculture Potential growth area: Three million hectares of water under reservoirs.

31. Projected Output of Foodgrains & Oilseeds in Potential Regions Production (m tons) Value (Rs. Crores at base year 1993-94) * Excl. Horti.

32. Value of Agriculture Output (Rs. Crores)(At 1993-94 Prices)

33. Summary: Growth of Indian Agriculture Sectors Sector Growth Rate (%) 1. Crop Production 5.1 2. Livestock 4.4 3. Fisheries 5.7 4. Forestry & Logging 3.3* Overall Agriculture & Allied Sectors 4.9 * Based on the value of output in recent years

34. STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING CROP PRODUCTION IN KHARIF2006 RICE :42 to 45 million ha : with productivity of 2 t / ha * Encourage timely planting / Drum seeding under puddled conditions * Enhance organic carbon in soils through crop residue management / green manuring / vermicompost, etc. specially in North-western States * Enhance seed replacement rate with appropriate varieties : Target not less than 30% area coverage with certified / quality seeds * Plan for Higher coverage under Hybrid rice along with its seed production * Encourage Balanced use of fertilizers (NPK) based on soil test. Contd.

35. Contd. * Supplement need based Micro nutrients i.e. Zink, Fe, S, Boron, etc. * Promote SRI cultivation of Rice, where recommended * Promote short duration varieties under rainfed uplands especially in drought prone areas in Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, M.P. Orissa, Bihar, Eastern U.P. * Promote the use of lime in acidic soils in NE States, Jharkhand etc. * Use salinity resistant varieties in saline soils * Use Low temperature resistant varieties in Hill States and N.E. States

36. MAIZE : 7. m ha : Productivity 2 t / ha * Promote single cross hybrids and High protein hybrids specially in U.P., Bihar, MP, Rajasthan, Gujarat * Promote Ridge Planting in Eastern India for better water management * Encourage Balanced use of fertilizer to optimize productivity in UP, Bihar, MP, Rajasthan * Supplement need based micro nutrients i.e. Boron Zinc, Sulphur * Enhance area under maize in Hill States, UP, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, MP, Maharashtra, Jharkhand to enhance production * Intercrop pulses with maizeto stabilize productivity

37. OILSEEDS : SOYBEAN AND GROUNDNUT : Soybean 7.5 m ha Groundnut 7 m ha *Enhance seed replacement rate to cover more area under improved varieties * Promote the use of sulphur and phasphatic fertilizers in sulphur deficient soils to enhance productivity * Encourage early / timely planting using seed cum ferti drill for better growth and yield ; * Intercrop pigeon peawith soybean and groundnut to enhance per unit return * Adjust seed rate in soybean according to seed quality (per cent germination) * Supplementary irrigation has positive impact on yield in case water is available

38. Cotton : 8.5 m ha * Promote hybrids of appropriate species of cotton * Only recommended hybrids / varieties of Bt be promoted in a State * In case of Bt. Cotton the refuge cropping is absolutely required for long term insect management * Adopt tested modules of IPM to protect crop from insect damage * Use appropriate intercrops (i.e. Green gram / black gram) to maximize returns * In north western state maintain sufficient plant population to maximize productivity * Adopt ridge furrow system of plantings in black soils

39. Sorghum and Pearl Millets : 19 to 20 million ha * Promote short duration hybrids in place of local varieties * Promote early planting to avoid shoot fly menace in sorghum * Use broad bed furrow system specially in black soils for better management of water * Promote use of micronutrient alongwith fertilizer, specially sulphur and zinc in deficient soils * Harvest crop at maturity of grains when leaves are still green for high quality grain in sorghum

40. Pulses: Tur, Greengram, Blackgram, Horsegram * Encourage Ridge planting of Tur in Eastern States * Area expansion of greengram / blackgram and Tur as intercrops i.e. Tur + groundnut / Tur + greengram / black, Tur + soybean, Cotton + soybean, Cotton + gram / black, Tur + rice to stabilize production * Promote higher coverage under improved varieties and its seed production * Promote sulphur and micronutrient like boron, zinc in deficient soils * Promote liming inacidic soils * Introduce short duration varieties of Tur in North western plains in double cropping system i.e Tur Wheat * Target seed replacement rate of 25 to 30% to realize gains in productivity

41. Major issues for consideration for Kharif 2006 * Seed production of newly released hybrids of rice and maize : State-wise strategy to be worked out for seed production * Direct seeding of rice for timely planting with help of seed drills * Promotion of ridge furrow system of planting specially in black soils for better water management * Promotion of farm implements and its easy availability for timely operation Contd…

42. Contd. * Elimination of spurious pesticides through better monitoring * Bringing additional area under course cereals to diversify food basket * Special emphasis for raising the productivity of Oilseeds and pulses through mission activities

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