1 / 22

Spatial Database Systems

Spatial Database Systems. Tyler Reainthong CSE 7330 Fall 2009. Topics. Definitions Storage and Indexing Spatial Relationships Spatial Queries Standards Systems Applications and the Future. What is a Spatial Database?.

gavivi
Download Presentation

Spatial Database Systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Spatial Database Systems Tyler Reainthong CSE 7330 Fall 2009

  2. Topics • Definitions • Storage and Indexing • Spatial Relationships • Spatial Queries • Standards • Systems • Applications and the Future

  3. What is a Spatial Database? • Database that models space, objects in space, or a combination of both • Provide capabilities to store and manipulate spatial data as well as find various interactions between them

  4. What is a Spatial Database? (cont) • Uses spatial data types (SDTs) and spatial indexes • Uses spatial queries which are able to work with the spatial data types • Usually provides these capabilities as an extension to a standard RDBMS

  5. What is Spatial Data? • Each vendor’s implementation will consist of different spatial data types • Each type can be abstracted to basic geometric primitives which consist of: • Points • Lines • Polygons/Regions

  6. What is Spatial Data? (cont) • Point • Can define locations of interest • Used when you do not care about the extent of the object • Can be used to define “space” • Land • Map boundaries • Grids

  7. What is Spatial Data? (cont) • Line • Can be straight, arcing or a combination of both • Can be used to define movement and connections between spatial objects

  8. What is Spatial Data? (cont) • Polygon/Region • Basic shapes (box, square, triangle, etc.) • May have holes

  9. Spatial Data Types (SDTs) • Spatial Data Types often referred to as “geometries” can either be defined as one or more spatial data primitive types • Example Oracle Spatial SDO_GTYPE: Source: http://www.oreillynet.com/network/2003/11/10/oracle_spatial.html

  10. Spatial Storage • Creating a normal table with an additional spatial column in Oracle Spatial Source: http://www.oreillynet.com/network/2003/11/10/oracle_spatial.html

  11. Spatial Indexing • R-Trees • Similar to B-trees but allow indexing for multidimensional data • Creates minimum bounding boxes that essentially partition the spatial data into hierarchical rectangular shaped boxes • These boxes provide rough approximations of the geometries which optimizes query performance

  12. Spatial Indexing (cont) • Example R-Tree Source: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v10/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.rtree.doc/rtree29.htm

  13. Spatial Indexing (cont) • Quad-Trees • Recursively divide space into four quadrants Source: http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v10/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.rtree.doc/rtree29.htm

  14. Spatial Relationships • Spatial relationships can be categorized into three different types • Topological relationships • Contains, Inside, Covers, Adjacent, Touch, Disjoint • Directional relationships • Above, Below, West of, East of • Metric relationships • Distances between two geometries • Each vendor may or may not implement certain relationships as a function

  15. Spatial Relationships (cont) • Oracle Spatial supports the following relationships Source:http://docs.autodesk.com/TOPOBSCLNT/2010/ENU/Autodesk%20Topobase%202010%20User%20Documentation/images/ISD/Everest-ALL/English/pic_admin_oracle_spatial.png

  16. Spatial Queries • SQL can work with spatial data types • Spatial operators and functions can also be used with SQL

  17. Spatial Queries (cont) Source: http://postgis.refractions.net/docs/ch04.html#id2538511 • Spatial Query Examples in PostGIS

  18. Spatial Queries (cont) Source: http://postgis.refractions.net/docs/ch04.html#id2538511 • Spatial Query Examples in PostGIS

  19. Standards and Specifications • Standards and specifications governed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) • http://www.opengeospatial.org • Defines standard Geographic Information Systems (GIS) object types, functions associated with them, and metadata tables • Simple Feature Access Architecture • http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfa

  20. Some Spatial DBMS Systems • Oracle Spatial • PostgreSQL with PostGIS extension • MySQL • Microsoft SQL Server 2008 • IBM DB2 with Spatial Extender

  21. Applications and the Future • GIS/Mapping • CAD and GIS integration • Location based services • Spatial data is becoming ubiquitous • Environmental • Health sectors • Agricultural • Geological • Hazard management • Military and intelligence

  22. Bibliography • http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=615206&type=pdf&coll=Portal&dl=GUIDE&CFID=60495778&CFTOKEN=48744014 • http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v10/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.rtree.doc/rtree29.htm • http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/network/2003/11/10/oracle_spatial.html • http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/appdev.920/a96630/sdo_objrelschema.htm • http://postgis.refractions.net/docs/ch04.html • http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/oracle9i/pdf/OracleSpatial.pdf • http://docs.autodesk.com/TOPOBSCLNT/2010/ENU/Autodesk%20Topobase%202010%20User%20Documentation/index.html?url=WS73099cc142f48755b0eae110a8ea4f1d98a3.htm,topicNumber=d0e17737 • http://edndoc.esri.com/arcsde/9.1/general_topics/understand_spatial_relations.htm • http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/htdocs/spatial_stds_support.html • http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/pdf/lvvw_narrowingthegap.pdf • http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/spatial/index.html • http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/index.htm

More Related