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Chapter 30: The Vietnam Era

Chapter 30: The Vietnam Era. Preview: “Presidents from Truman to Nixon argued that communism in Southeast Asia threatened vital American interests. But it was Lyndon Johnson who began a massive bombing campaign and sent half a million American troops to intervene in Vietnam’s civil war.”

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Chapter 30: The Vietnam Era

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  1. Chapter 30: The Vietnam Era Preview:“Presidents from Truman to Nixon argued that communism in Southeast Asia threatened vital American interests. But it was Lyndon Johnson who began a massive bombing campaign and sent half a million American troops to intervene in Vietnam’s civil war.” The Highlights: The Road to Vietnam Social Consequences of the War The Unraveling Nixon’s War The New Identity Politics The End of an Era

  2. 30-2 The Road to Vietnam • Lyndon Johnson’s War • The domino theory • Tonkin Gulf incident, 1964 • Rolling Thunder • Escalation • Air strikes McGraw-Hill

  3. 30-3 McGraw-Hill

  4. 30-4 Social Consequences of the War • The Soldiers’ War • Body counts • Technology and its limits • The War at Home • Hawks and doves • McNamara loses faith • Inflation McGraw-Hill

  5. 30-5 The Unraveling • Tet Offensive • One of the great American intelligence failures • Stalemate • My Lai • “Clean for Gene” • LBJ withdraws • The Shocks of 1968 • The King and Kennedy assassinations • Both men exemplified the liberal tradition McGraw-Hill

  6. 30-6 McGraw-Hill

  7. 30-7 “The clashes in Chicago seemed homegrown, but they reflected a growing willingness among students worldwide to use violence to press their revolutionary causes”(1022). • Chicago • Hubert Humphrey • Revolutionary clashes worldwide • Whose Silent Majority? • Governor George Wallace • Nixon’s “silent majority” • The election of 1968 McGraw-Hill

  8. 30-8 McGraw-Hill

  9. 30-9 Nixon’s War • Vietnamization-and Cambodia • “Peace with honor” • Nixon launched a series of bombing attacks against North Vietnamese supply depots • Invading Cambodia • Fighting a No-Win War • Morale became a serious problem for American soldiers • As the troops became restive, domestic opposition to the war grew McGraw-Hill

  10. 30-10 “Despite Nixon’s insistence on ‘peace with honor,’ Vietnam was not a war he had chosen to fight. Both Kissinger and Nixon recognized that the United States no longer had the strength to exercise unchallenged dominance across the globe”(1026). • The Move toward Detente • Nixon Doctrine • SALT I (1972) McGraw-Hill

  11. 31-3 Watergate and the Politics of Resentment • Nixon’s New Federalism • Revenue sharing • Family Assistance Plan • Nixon reforms • Stagflation • A stagnant economy combined with rising prices • Nixon advocated federal wage and price controls McGraw-Hill

  12. 31-4 • Social Policies and the Court • School busing • Nixon and the Court • Us versus Them • Nixon administration blurred the lines between honest dissent and radical criminals • “Nattering nabobs of negativism” McGraw-Hill

  13. 31-5 • Triumph • George McGovern • Nixon received almost 61 percent of the popular vote • The President’s Enemies • The plumbers • Impoundment: refusal to spend the appropriated money for a program McGraw-Hill

  14. 31-6 • Break-In • June 1972: Democratic National Committee headquarters in Watergate apartment complex burglarized • Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein • To the Oval Office • Senate hearings • Agnew resigns • Saturday Night Massacre McGraw-Hill

  15. 31-7 • Resignation • The smoking gun • Fair Campaign Practices Act (1974) “Gerald Ford inherited a presidential office almost crippled by the Watergate scandals. As the first unelected president, he had no popular mandate….By all instincts a conservative, he was determined to continue Nixon’s foreign policy of cautious détente and a domestic program of social and fiscal conservatism”(1054-55). McGraw-Hill

  16. 30-11 The New Identity Politics • Latino Activism • Puerto Ricans and Cubans • Cesar Chavez and the UFW • Chicano activists • La Raza Unida • The Choices of American Indians • Termination: reduction of federal services, selling off land • American Indian Movement • Wounded Knee McGraw-Hill

  17. 30-13 • Feminism • The Feminine Mystique • National Organization for Women • Equal Rights and Abortion • Roe v. Wade (1973) • Women divided • The Legacy of Identity Politics • Political and social activism had brought a sense of empowerment to minority groups • Identity politics forced the nation to see itself as a multicultural society McGraw-Hill

  18. 30-12 • Asian Americans • “Model minorities” • “Third world revolution” • Gay Rights • Growing political activism placed them among minorities demanding equal rights • Stonewall incident (1969) McGraw-Hill

  19. 30-14 McGraw-Hill

  20. 31-2 The Limits of Reform • Consumerism • Ralph Nader attacks GM • Consumer organizations • Environmentalism • Conservation versus preservation • Barry Commoner and ecology • EPA established (1970) • Earth Day McGraw-Hill

  21. 30-15 The End of an Era “The war in Southeast Asia shattered the optimism of the early 1960s: the belief that the world could be remade with the help of enough brilliant intellectuals or enough federal programs”(1038). McGraw-Hill

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