Review for MEGA-MEGA READING QUIZ!!!

1. Review for MEGA-MEGA READING QUIZ!!! AP EUROPEAN HISTORY

2. JUST KIDDING!!! AT LEAST FOR TODAY…

3. Just kidding ABOUT JUST KIDDING! MWWAHAHAHA!!!

4. Ch . 15 Reading Quiz • Who were the “Three Henrys”? • What happened to each of the Three Henrys? • Who enacted the Edict of Nantes? • What did the Edict of Nantes do? • Why did Philip have a problem with Elizabeth I?

5. THE SPANISH ARMADA AP EUROPEAN HISTORY

6. PRELUDE • Mary Tudor, Queen of England had been married to Philip II – together they hoped to restore England to Catholicism • However, Mary died in 1558, leaving the English throne to her half-sister Elizabeth

7. PRELUDE • Philip promptly proposed marriage to Elizabeth, who rejected the proposal • Elizabeth made Philip even more angry by assisting Dutch rebels • Philip withheld any negative actions against her however…

8. Prelude • Elizabeth had a cousin, Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots • Mary was a Catholic, and successor to the English throne • Philip knew this and wished to see Mary as Queen • Elizabeth knew this all too well…

9. Prelude • Mary, implicated in a murder plot in Scotland, was forced to abdicate her throne to her baby son James • Mary sought the protection of Elizabeth • Mary wanted Elizabeth’s help in restoring her to power • Elizabeth had no such inclinations…

10. Prelude • When Elizabeth did not help her, Mary took action • Mary conspired for years with other Catholics to recover England for Catholicism • Mary even went so far as to offer her succession rights to Philip, this ended Elizabeth’s patience

11. Prelude • Elizabeth could not wait any longer, Mary had become too great a threat • Mary was executed, Feb 18, 1587 • This infuriated Philip, as well as Pope Sixtus V, who offered Philip one million gold ducats when Spanish troops set foot in England

12. THE EXECUTION OF MARY

13. The armada • The Catholic Crusade against Elizabeth took its form in the shape of Philip’s “invincible” Spanish Armada • In May 1588, 130 Spanish ships sailed from Lisbon • This was the same Spanish fleet which had defeated the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, restoring control of the Mediterranean to Europe

14. The armada • The Spanish Armada was well-equipped • 130 vessels weighing 58,000 tons with 2,400 guns • However, they were met by English ships numbering close to 200 which were faster and more maneuverable

15. The battle • English ships met the Armada in the Channel, using fire ships to scatter the Armada formations • From there the English took down the Armada’s ships one by one • Then came “the Protestant wind”

16. The battle • The English fire ships drove the Armada to the North Sea where a powerful gale forced the Armada northward • The Armada began to break up in the uncharted waters around the tip of Scotland and limped home • The English had defeated the great Armada

17. Defeat of the spanish armada

18. The retreat of the spanish armada

19. The aftermath • By the time the Spanish fleet made it home, half of its ships were lost and thousands of sailors had died • It was a huge psychological victory for England and a disaster for Spain and the Catholics, Spain experienced a sense of defeatism • The war between England and Spain dragged on, but the power was shifting in England’s favor

20. Next… THE THIRTY YEAR’S WAR

21. assignment • READ AND SUMMARIZE “CHANGING ATTITUDES” PP. 513-519.