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AutoID. Automatic Identification Technologies at the MIT Media Lab http://www.autoidcenter.org Gregory Chittim – ES 112 – 03S. Agenda. Introduction What is it? Technologies RFID “An Internet of Things” Developed Technologies Electronic Product Code (EPC) Object Name Server (ONS)
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AutoID Automatic Identification Technologies at the MIT Media Lab http://www.autoidcenter.org Gregory Chittim – ES 112 – 03S
Agenda • Introduction • What is it? • Technologies • RFID • “An Internet of Things” • Developed Technologies • Electronic Product Code (EPC) • Object Name Server (ONS) • Product Markup Language (PML) • Savants • Field Testing
Introduction • How can an organization: • Eliminate human error from data collection • Reduce inventories • Keep product in stock • Reduce loss and waste • Improve safety • Improve security
What is it? • Broad term given to a host of technologies that are used to help machines identify objects • Often coupled with automatic data capture Information Capture Data Translation Data Storage Item Application Web Services?
Technologies • Bar codes • Smart cards • Voice recognition • Biometrics • Retinal scans • Fingerprints • Optical Character Recognition (OCR) • Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)* * Focus of the MIT Lab – http://www.autoidcenter.org
RFID • Use radio waves to automatically identify individual items • Store a serial number on a microchip attached to an antenna • Called an RFID transponder / tag • Antenna enables the chip to transmit information to a reader • Reader converts the radio waves computer readable form (A to D)
RFID • Agile reader – multiple frequency • Reader collision – TDMA • Tag collision – header requests • 50 tags / second RFID Reader Information Capture Data Translation Data Storage Item RFID Transponder Application Web Services? • Active vs. Passive • Read-only vs. Read-write
“An Internet of Things” • Identifying products faces many of the same problems as networking computers in the early days of the Internet • Expensive hardware • $1000 readers, $0.50 transponders • Multiple protocols • No common RF frequency for AutoID • Proprietary systems • No AutoID across supply chain
Developed Technologies • Electronic Product Code (EPC) • License plate for an individual product • Derivative of Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) of which the barcode is a subset • 64 and 96 bit version Header ------ EPC Manager ---- Object Class --------------- Serial Number EPC v. 1.0 – Coca Cola Corp – Vanilla Coke 12oz Can – 1234567890 ----------------- 268 Million -------- 16 Million -------------------- 68 Billion
Developed Technologies II • Object Naming Service (ONS) • Similar to DNS, but points to info about an object, instead of a website address
Developed Technologies III • Physical Markup Language • Derivative of XML • Common data types • Temporal vs. Dynamic Data • Common transaction types • purchases, requests for quotes, etc… • Info stored on PML servers, pointed to by ONS
PML Usage Examples • Name and broad category • Soft drink, auto part, clothing, etc… • When/where made • Expiration date • Current location • Instructions for where a pallet should be shipped • Point-of-sale instructions • How long your microwave needs to cook a particular brand of frozen pizza.
Savants • Solves the bandwidth problem • ONS/PML in a distributed network • Tasks: • Data smoothing • Reader coordination • Data forwarding • Data storage • One Savant controls inventory, another displays, another shipping
Field Testing • Phase 1 – Pallets – Fall 2001 • Bounty Paper Towels • Phase 2 – Cases – Winter 2002 • Coca-Cola, P&G, Kraft, etc • Phase 3 – Units – Winter 2003
Questions? http://www.autoidcenter.org
