Plagiarism

1. Plagiarism •What is it ? •How do we recognize it? •How do we avoid it?

2. After this lesson, SWBAT… • … recognize plagiarism; • … document research thoroughly and accurately; • … include researched material purposefully and correctly into their own writing. • …understand the purpose of a Works Cited page.

3. The Plagiarism NachoIt’s Notch Yo’ Ideas IF… …you plagiarize an entire essay! The Whole Nacho! Section Paragraph Sentence …you plagiarize just one word. Plagiarism is the taking of another person’s ideas or language without proper citation or credit. Phrase One Word

4. “Wait…One Word?! Seriously?” (Yonan) • This single word or phrase would have to be pretty special, like these examples: • adjectives or verbs that clearly show the author’s strong opinion about a subject; • extremely clever uses of language; or • statistics that are too hard to paraphrase.

5. Illustration of “the tip of the Nacho” Original Passage Kermit the Frog, an emaciated Hulk of a Muppet, was the original, most humble of the Muppets. ---John Knowitall UH-OH! Plagiarized According to John Knowitall, the most humble of the Muppets was Kermit the Frog, not Fozzie the Bear as most would assume (78). OK! According to John Knowitall, the “most humble” of the Muppets was Kermit the Frog, not Fozzie the Bear as most would assume (78).

6. Proportions Scale ofyour words vs. researched data WHOLE SENTENCE QUOTATIONS SINGLE WORD OR PHRASE QUOTATIONS The black circle is your entire essay. This scale shows how many sentences should be your ideas versus research. RESEARCH Your words, opinions, ideas. PARAPHRASES

7. What does the Scale Mean? •Most of your essay should be your voice. Next, paraphrase most of your research. Then, drizzle in several single word and phrase quotations. Finally, sparingly sprinkle in a dash of whole sentence quotes. • (Check with your teacher for specific constraints regarding The Scale…In most situations, your paper should be no more than 25% cited material, leaving about 75% of the paper to YOUR IDEAS )

8. When would you Quote? Paraphrase Put research in your own words, but still tell readers where you got it. Quote Use “quotation marks” to show you’re citing exact language. • Memorable language • Words that show the writer’s opinion • Difficult to put in your own words: stats. When would you Paraphrase? • Everything else.

9. How Do I Avoid Plagiarizing? • SIGNAL PHRASE: PARAPHRASE OR QUOTE • PAGE NUMBER/citation reference ” (45). TRANSITION BACK TO YOUR VOICE Use a short phrase to introduce your research. Keeping the proportions scale in mind, paraphrase or quote the research. Make it obvious to your reader when you switch from research to your ideas. If your source has a page number, put it in the parentheses. In this excerpt, Georgia Orlando speaks of…

12. How Do I Avoid Plagiarizing? According to Robert Showalter in his 2006 book The Rise and Fall of Education, upper level teachers have always complained that kids “don’t know how to write” from the ancient Greeks to the freshmen composition professors at Harvard in the late 1800’s (278). Signal Phrase Who Where When

13. What is a Signal Phrase? • Tells the reader who said it, where they said it, and sometimes when they said it. • Uses a STRONG, DIRECTIVE verb to SPECIFY the use of the research data.

14. Signal Phrases employstrong, directive, specific verbs: • Admits • Confirms • Illustrates • Rejects • Agrees • Contends • Implies • Reports • Argues • Declares • Insists • Acknowledges • Comments • Endorses • Reasons • Adds • Compares • Grants • Refutes • Claims • Emphasizes • Points Out • Responds • Asserts • Denies • Notes • Suggests • Believes • Disputes • Observes • Thinks Hacker, Diane. AWriter’s Reference with Exercises. 6th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2008.

15. Signal Phrase Examples Smith, Sam. “Why Do Kids Plagarize?” Education Weekly. Feb 2007. 45-78. • According to Sam Smith in his 2007 essay “Why Do Kids Plagiarize?”… • Sam Smith in his 2007 essay “Why Do Kids Plagiarize?” cites…. • In his 2007 essay “Why Do Kids Plagiarize?” Sam Smith blames…

16. Signal PhraseOther Information • You must use a signal phrase at the beginning of each piece of research to signal the insertion of support data, i.e., an outside voice vs. your voice. • Once an author’s full name (and title if available) is used, just the last name is necessary anytime thereafter. Ex. Cook also states…

17. Signal PhraseReview Who? Author’s full name. When? Include date if it is pertinent. Where? Title of publication/source. Strong/directive Verb – see verb list.

18. Para(beside/near) phrase = a reworded phrase so it is nearly the same in meaning as the original Original Passage Human beings are ends, not means. There is no grosser corruption of biotechnology than creating a human mutant and disemboweling it at our pleasure for spare parts. Works Cited Entry Krauthammer, Charles. "Of Headless Mice ... And Men." Time Magazine. 24 6 2001: n. p. Web. 8 Feb. 2013. Sample Paraphrase (Let’s try it out loud!)

19. Steps for Paraphrasing Change all the words. Change the original sentence structure. Read, learn it, look up and away. Imagine you have to explain the info it to someone who doesn’t know about the topic: a little kid, a foregin exchange student, your grandma!

20. Single Word and Phrase Quotations • After full paraphrases, this next most preferred strategy for using research. • Paraphrase most of the original source, but choose a single word or phrase to sprinkle into own original writing. • Don’t forget a signal phrase and parenthetical citation !

21. Writing a Mix of Paraphrase and Single Word or Phrase Quotation Select a word or phrase to quote Change all the rest of the words. Change the original sentence structure. HINT: It might help to print-out a copy of your articles and ANNOTATE key words/phrase/quotes to use.)

22. Use a parenthetical even with a paraphrase! Praising Eleanor Roosevelt profusely, Blanche Wiesen Cook notes how this dynamic first lady broke the barriers of the customary duties of first ladyship, from mothering to being a dutiful wife (46). You still must include a page number for paraphrases.

23. Single Word and Phrase Quotations Sample Charles Krauthammer also demands that America punish those who partake in headless cloning severely, for, if we do not, the “hell” we inherit will be warranted (70). Therefore, Krauthammer calls for a “permanent” ban on cloning and the death penalty for those who practice this self-serving science (71).

24. Single Word and Phrase Quotations Sample According to Madaus, test scores have the “potential to hurt students” when educators use the scores as the only or the most important basis for making decisions that can influence the students’ futures (93).

25. Quote Worthy • Original Passage • Eleanor Roosevelt is the most controversial First Lady in United States history. Her journey to greatness, her voyage out beyond the confines of good wife and devoted mother, involved determination and amazing courage. “controversial” “determination and amazing courage”

26. Quote Worthy • Original Passage • Human beings are ends, not means. There is no grosser corruption of biotechnology than creating a human mutant and disemboweling it at our pleasure for spare parts. What phrases or words would you select as quoteworthy?

27. Single Word or Phrase QuotationBlend Original Passage Eleanor Roosevelt is the most controversial First Lady in United States history. Her journey to greatness, her voyage out beyond the confines of good wife and devoted mother, involved determination and amazing courage. Works Cited Entry Cook, Blanche Wiesen. Eleanor Roosevelt: 1884-1993. Vol. 2. New York: Viking, 1999, 46. Sample Quote/Paraphrase Mix • Blanche Wiesen Cook, in her 1999 biography Eleanor Roosevelt, cites the First Lady’s “determination and amazing courage” as Roosevelt broke the barriers of the customary duties of motherhood (46).

28. Whole Sentence Quotation • Use sparingly. • Use a signal phrase. • Use a parenthetical citation. Frederick Lane points out that for those not exercising self-control, “the World Wide Web can be a tremendous time sink; no other medium comes close to matching the Internet’s depth of materials, interactivity, and sheer distractive potential” (142).

29. Using Punctuation Power to quote with writerly craft! Be sure your sentences flow and show correct grammar. But, how???? Use “punctuation power”! [Brackets] Use them when your want to quote but want to adjust the wording from the original source to make your sentence GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT. Ellipses… Use them when you need to cut unnecessary words of the quote to make your writing more focused , more purposeful.

30. “Punctuation Power”Ellipses Original Phrase “the deliberate creation of their headless monsters” Krauthammer believes that the “creation of…headless monsters” is a heinous act of evil (78).

31. “Punctuation Power”[Brackets] Original Phrase “Bewaring” Perhaps it would be best for everyone to follow William Least Heat Moon’s advice to “[be aware of] the thoughts that come in the night” (3).

32. Parenthetical Citations • The boss of the ranch questions George about his intentions with Lennie, asking if George is “takin’ his pay away from him” (Steinbeck 21). • The boss tells George he has “never seen one guy take so much trouble for another guy” (21).

33. Son of Citation Machinehttp://citationmachine.net/

34. Transition Back to Your Voice;harken back to I.C.E.ing! • After a quotation or phrase, make sure we hear your voice. • Do you agree with the source? • Do you disagree with the source? • How does this quotation or paraphrase fit the larger point you’re making? • What does this quotation or paraphrase mean to you?

35. Sample • The boss of the ranch questions George about his intentions with Lennie, asking if George is “takin’ his pay away from him” (Steinbeck 21).It is clear by the boss’ reaction that he automatically thinks the worst of people. He assumes that George is taking advantage of Lennie. To him the idea of one man looking out for another man out of friendship alone is unimaginable.

36. Works Cited • “What is the relationship between the Works Cited page and my use of research in my paper?” The alphabetical nature of your references list makes it easy for your reader to use that info for a couple reasons: •to verify your research as valid/accurate, &/OR •to find the reference and read more about your awesome topic!

37. Sample • Let’s say I had these two in-text citations in my paper. The first is a full-paraphrase and the second is a partial quotation. How would they appear as Works Cited? _______________________________________________ Charles Krauthammer, a former Harvard biologist, also fears that humans will use cloning as an attempt to live perfectly and to live free of sickness forever (76). Amanda Christi, a science writer for US News and World Report, agrees and notes that “people desire immortality” and will do anything, including sacrificing the individuality of their children to get it (92).

38. Works Cited Christi, Amanda. “Genetic Cloning: the Future.” U.S. News and World Report. Oct. 2003. 89-96. Krauthammer, Charles. “Of Headless Mice and Men.” Time. 14 Nov. 2001. 76. Alphabetized for easy finding First item in list should match with signal phrase or first item in parentheses.

39. Conclusion Signal Phrase Quote original language Paraphrase Make sure quotes and paraphrase flow with the structure of your sentence. Use a parenthetical citation, if necessary. Transition back to your voice. (ICE, ICE, baby!) Works Cited should match your citations.

40. Quick QuizPlagiarized or Not? Our four friends in the Wizard of Oz finally gain entry to the Wizard’s palace because Dorothy’s tears of frustration undam a quite alarming reservoir of liquid in the guard. His face is quickly sodden with tears, and, watching this extreme performance, you are struck by the sheer number of occasions on which people cry in this film. Besides Dorothy and the guard, there is the Cowardly Lion, who bawls when Dorothy bops him on the nose; the Tin Man, who almost rusts up again from weeping; and Dorothy again, while she is in the clutches of the Witch. It occurs to you that if the hydrophobic Witch could only have been closer at hand on one of the occasions the movie might have been much shorter. Rushdie, Salman. “Out of Kansas: The Wizard of Oz.” Writers at the Movies: Twenty-Six Contemporary Authors Celebrate Twenty-Six Memorable Movies. Ed. Jim Shephard. New York: Harper, 2000. 201-226.

41. Plagiarized? • The sheer number of occasions on which people cry in The Wizard of Oz is astounding. 2.Pointing out how many times characters cry in The Wizard of Oz, Rushdie observes that “if the hydrophobic Witch could only have been closer at hand on one of these occasions that movie might have been much shorter” (223-224). 3. Rushdie notes that so many characters cry in The Wizard of Oz that it’s surprising the Wicked Witch did not get wet and melt earlier in the film (223-224).

42. Plagiarized? 4. Rushdie notes that Dorothy’s weeping makes other characters cry, as when her tears undam a quite alarming reservoir of liquid from the guard in an extreme performance outside the wizard’s palace (233). • After watching the guard cry, Rushdie suddenly realizes how often the characters in the play cry: “It occurs to you that if the hydrophobic Witch could only have been closer at hand on one of the occasions the movie might have been much shorter” (31).

43. Write On! Don’t worry; he will not help you.