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Refraction of Light –Part 2

Refraction of Light –Part 2. Internal Reflection. When light travels from a slow medium to a fast medium, the angle of refraction is larger than the angle of incidence. When the angle of refraction should be 90 o or greater, there is total internal reflection.

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Refraction of Light –Part 2

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  1. Refraction of Light –Part 2

  2. Internal Reflection • When light travels from a slow medium to a fast medium, the angle of refraction is larger than the angle of incidence. • When the angle of refraction should be 90o or greater, there is total internal reflection. • The incident angle which predicts a 90o refraction angle is called the critical angle. • Applet

  3. Critical Angle • n1sin qc = n2 sin 90o • n1sin qc = n2 • sin qc = n2 / n1 • qc = sin-1(n2 / n1) • For water: qc = 48o • The higher the index of refraction the lower qc

  4. Fish Eye View

  5. View of World AboveApplet

  6. Bird & Fish

  7. Internal Reflection • All rays reflect internally, but the top three rays reflect only a small percentage internally; most energy leaves the prism. • The fourth and fifth rays are reflected 100 % internally

  8. Internal Reflection in Prisms

  9. Internal Reflection in Diamond • The critical angle fordiamond in air is24.5 o. • Any ray which strikes the inside surface at an angle greater than 24.5o will be totally internally reflected.

  10. Fiber Optics

  11. Fiber Optics

  12. DispersionBlue Bends Best

  13. Different FrequenciesDifferent Indices of Refraction

  14. Refractive IndexFunction of Wavelength

  15. Table of Indices

  16. Refraction & Reflectionin a Raindrop

  17. Rainbow Formation • An observer seesred light comingfrom droplets ofwater higher inthe sky. • Droplets of waterlower in the skysend violet lightto the eye.

  18. Circular Rainbow

  19. Double Rainbow Picture

  20. Double Rainbow Picture

  21. Rainbow Arch

  22. Rainbow Zoom

  23. Double Rainbow

  24. Double Rainbow Diagrams

  25. Double Rainbow Diagram

  26. Alexander’s Dark Band • Sky is light inside primary rainbow • Dark between primary and secondary bows • Light beyond the secondary rainbow • Dark region between is called Alexander’s Dark Band

  27. 22o Halo • A halo is a ring of light surrounding the sun or moon. • Most halos appear as bright white rings but in some instances, the dispersion of light as it passes through ice crystals found in upper level cirrus clouds can cause a halo to have color. Diameter less than 20.5 micrometers Randomly oriented hexagonal ice crystals

  28. Sundogs • Sundogs or parhelia on right and left of sun Flat faces horizontally oriented Hexagonal ice crystals Diameter greater than 30 micrometers

  29. Sundog

  30. Sundog

  31. Sundog

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