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Understanding the Human Muscle System

Learn about muscle types, movement mechanisms, and muscle energy for efficient body function. Discover how muscles work together, grow stronger, and require rest.

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Understanding the Human Muscle System

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  1. Muscular System

  2. Movement of the Human Body • Muscle: an organ that can relax, contract, and provide the force to move your body parts • You have more than 600 muscles in your body • Some of them are always moving

  3. Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles • Voluntary muscles: muscles that you are able to control • In your face, arms, and legs • You can choose to move them or not to move them • Involuntary muscles: muscles that you are not able to consciously control • Pump blood through your blood vessels • Move food through your digestive system

  4. Classification of Muscle Tissue • There are three types of muscles • Skeletal muscle: voluntary muscles that move bones • Are striated and are the most common muscle type in your body • Are attached to bones by thick bands of tissue called tendons • Cardiac muscle: involuntary muscle that is only found in the heart • Contracts about 70 times per minute • Is striated • Smooth muscle: involuntary muscles that control movement in your intestines, bladder, blood vessels, and other internal organs • Not striated

  5. Working Muscles • You are able to move because pairs of skeletal muscles work together • When one muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes • Muscles ALWAYS pull; they NEVER push • Remember: Yo-Yo • When the muscles on the back of your upper leg contract, they shorten and pull your lower leg back up • When you straighten your leg, the back muscles lengthen and relax, and the muscles on the front of your leg contract

  6. Changing Muscles • Skeletal muscles that do a lot of work become stronger and larger • Some of this change in muscle size is because of an increase in the number of muscle cells • Most of the change is because individual muscle cells become larger • Muscles that are not exercised become smaller and weaker

  7. How Do Muscles Move? • Your muscles need energy to contract and relax • Your blood carries energy-rich molecules to your muscle cells where the chemical energy stored in these molecules is released • As the muscle contracts, this released energy changes to mechanical energy (movement) and thermal energy (heat) • Once the supply of energy-rich molecules in the muscle is used up, the muscle becomes tired and needs to rest • While your muscle rests, your blood supplies more energy-rich molecules to your muscle cells

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