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The influence of Ancient Greece

The influence of Ancient Greece. Relief with a dancing maenad , ca. 27 b.c.–14 a.d.; Augustan Roman copy of a Greek relief attributed to Kallimachos , ca. 425–400 b.c.Pentelic marble H. 56 5/16 in. (143.03 cm),Fletcher Fund, 1935 (35.11.3)

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The influence of Ancient Greece

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  1. The influence of Ancient Greece Relief with a dancing maenad, ca. 27 b.c.–14 a.d.; Augustan Roman copy of a Greek relief attributed to Kallimachos, ca. 425–400 b.c.Pentelic marble H. 56 5/16 in. (143.03 cm),Fletcher Fund, 1935 (35.11.3) Aryballos, ca. 570 b.c.; black-figureGreek, AtticSigned by Nearchos as potterTerracottaH. 3 1/16 in. (7.77 cm)Purchase, The Cesnola Collection, by exchange, 1926 (26.49)Metropolitan Museum

  2. What has Ancient Greece Given Us? • Word History-comes from Greek word historia meaning inquiry • The alphabet • Drama-Comedies and Tragedies (Birth of Theatre in Athens 508BC • Science • Mathematics • Philosophy (ethics, justice)

  3. Antefix with the head of Medusa, 6th century b.c. Tarantine; Said to be from TarantoTerracotta,H. 8 1/8 in. (20.6 cm), W. 10 1/2 in. (26.7 cm),Fletcher Fund, 1926 (26.60.73) ,Not on view   Last Updated February 22, 2013

  4. Icon with the Presentation of Christ in the Temple, 1400–1500 Byzantine Wood, painted, with gold ground

  5. Styles and eras • Geometric Period 900- 700BC • Archaic Period 700- 480BC • The Golden Age • (MIDDLE OF THE 5TH CENTURE BC) • Classical period 480-323 BC • Hellenistic period 323-31 BC • Byzantine empire 330-1453 AD Statuette of a horse, 8th century b.c.; GeometricGreekBronze H. 6 15/16 in. (17.63 cm)Rogers Fund, 1921 (21.88.24)

  6. Geometric period ca. 900 to 700 B.C.

  7. ARCHAIC PERIOD 700-480BC Middle of the 5th Century BC is considered the Golden Age (significant advancements in art science and architecture) Introduction of Democracy in Athens 510-507BC Mirror with a support in the form of a nude girl second half of 6th century b.c.Laconian; Said to be from southern Italy, Bronze H. 13 1/16 in. (33.81 cm)Fletcher Fund, 1938 (38.11.3 MET

  8. The constants of Greek culture were man, nature, and reason Greek culture defines Man’s intelligence, which puts him far above the beast as shown in Paleolithic times. “For we are lovers of the beautiful, yet with simplicity, and w cultivate the mind without loss of manliness. . . We are the school of Greece.” Pericles

  9. Statue of a kouros (youth), ca. 590–580 b.c.; ArchaicGreek, AtticNaxian marble H. without plinth 76 in. (193.04 cm)Fletcher Fund, 1932 (32.11.1) MET

  10. Vase in the form of a ketos, second half of 7th century b.c.Greek (Cretan or South Italian)Terracotta H. 3 1/8 in. (7.9 cm)Gift of Ariel Herrmann, in memory of Brian T. Aitken, 2009 (2009.529) MET

  11. Greek Sculpture (BBC: How Art Made The World) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88gXWW3qN7o&feature=player_detailpageCited 26/ 2/13

  12. Neck-amphora, ca. 540 b.c.; Archaic; black-figureAttributed to ExekiasGreek, AtticTerracotta H. 18 1/2 in. (47 cm)Rogers Fund, 1917 (17.230.14a,b)Gift of J. D. Beazley, 1927 (27.16) MET

  13. In the humanistic view, man is what matters, and he is, in the words of Protagoras, the “measure of all things” “all men by nature desire to know.” Aristotle Greek culture is a synthesis of opposites i.e. Passion and Reason

  14. What has Ancient Greece Given Us? 7. words relating to ideas and classification 8. Greek architecture (Doric and Ionic) used by Romans, Georgians, and Victorians for government buildings, universities, colleges 9. Government (world’s first democracy) 10. Art (Classical and Hellenist Periods gave advances in painting and sculpture that would later influence Renaissance)

  15. What has Ancient Greece Given Us? 11. Music 12. Literature (Homer, the Iliad) 13. Weapons (mechanised bow and arrow, catapult) 14. Communication (Telegraphy and Semaphore)

  16. Funerary stele (shaft) surmounted by two sphinxes, last quarter of 5th century b.c.; ClassicalCypriot; Said to be from the necropolis at GolgoiLimestone H. 33 3/4 in. (88.19 cm)The Cesnola Collection, Purchased by subscription, 1874-76 (74.51.2499)

  17. What has Ancient Greece Given Us? 15. Olympic Games 776 BC 16. First Computer (first planetarium) • Museums (Hellenistic Greece) • Libraries (Hellenistic Greece) • Logic

  18. Although the high point of Classical expression was short-lived, it is important to note that it was forged during the Persian Wars (490–479 B.C.) and continued after the Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C.) between Athens and a league of allied city-states led by Sparta. The conflict continued intermittently for nearly thirty years. Grave stele of a little girl, ca. 450–440 b.c.GreekParian marble H. 31 1/2 in. (80 cm)Fletcher Fund, 1927 (27.45)

  19. CLASSICAL PERIOD 480-323 BC • The Age of Pericles 440-429BC • After the defeat of the Persians in 479 B.C., Athens dominated Greece politically, economically, and culturally. • Pericles (r. ca. 461–429 B.C.), the most creative and adroit statesman of the third quarter of the fifth century B.C., transformed the Akropolis into a lasting monument to Athen's newfound political and economic power • One of the far-reaching innovations in sculpture at this time, and one of the most celebrated statues of antiquity, was the nude Aphrodite of Knidos, by the Athenian sculptor Praxiteles. Praxiteles' creation broke one of the most tenacious conventions in Greek art in which the female figure had previously been shown draped. Its slender proportions and distinctive contrapposto stance became hallmarks of fourth-century B.C. Greek sculpture.

  20. Statuette of the Diadoumenos (youth tying a fillet around his head), 1st century b.c.Greek; copy of a Greek bronze statue by Polykleitos, ca. 430 b.c.Terracotta , MET

  21. HELLENISTIC PERIOD 323-31 BC Between 334 and 323 B.C., Alexander the Great and his armies conquered much of the known world, creating an empire that stretched from Greece and Asia Minor through Egypt and the Persian empire in the Near East to India. Greek artistic styles exposed to a host of new exotic influences. New Naturalistic Style Death of Alexander the great in 323 marks the start of the Hellenistic Period Romans ruled between 146BC and 330AD

  22. Hellenistic Period 323-31 BC Head of Athena, Hellenistic, late 3rd–early 2nd century b.c. Greek MarbleH. 19 in. (48.3 cm) Purchase, Lila Acheson Wallace Gift, 1996 (1996.178)

  23. Hellenistic kings became prominent patrons of the arts, commissioning public works of architecture and sculpture, as well as private luxury items that demonstrated their wealth and taste.

  24. Head of a veiled goddess, Classical, ca. 425 b.c.Greek, AtticMarble H. 6 7/8 in. (17.5 cm)Ex coll.: George L. Hern Jr.Gift of Mr. and Mrs. William Henry Told Jr., on the occasion of the reinstallation of the Greek and Roman galleries, 2007 (2007.328)

  25. Statue of Eirene (personification of peace), ca. 14–68 a.d.; Julio-ClaudianRoman copy of a Greek bronze statue by Kephisodotos, ca. 375/374–360/359 b.c.Marble H. without plinth 69 3/4 in. (177.17 cm)Rogers Fund, 1906 (06.311)

  26. Ionic capital, torus (foliated base), and parts of a fluted column shaft from the Temple of Artemis at Sardis, 4th century B.C. Greek, Lydian Marble

  27. Hallmarks of Greek Art Precision Excellence Workmanship

  28. BYZANTINE EMPIRE 330-1453 AD From 1 AD the Romans ruled the Balkans Rome weakend by attacks from Goths (Germanic people from Southern Scandinavia) Constantinople founded as New Rome Christianity marks beginning of Byzantine era in Greece Pectoral Cross, 6th–7th centuryByzantine (Constantinople?)Gold 3 5/8 x 2 3/4 in. (9 x 6.8 cm)Gift of John C. Weber, 2006 (2006.569)

  29. Fragment of a Floor Mosaic with a Personification of Ktisis, 500–550ByzantineMarble and glass Overall 53 3/8 x 33 in. (135.6 x 83.8 cm)Harris Brisbane Dick and Fletcher Funds, 1998 (1998.69)Purchase, Lila Acheson Wallace Gift, and Dodge and Rogers Funds, 1999 (1999.99)

  30. Architectural influence

  31. HagiaSophia, Constantinople, 532–37, view of southern facade.

  32. Architecture Double Capital, mid-12th century,France, Toulouse region, Languedoc (?),Marble 15 1/2 x 19 1/4 in. (39.4 x 48.9 cm),Rogers Fund, 1928 (28.81) MET

  33. Classical Greek Akropolis5th Century BC

  34. Composite CapitalMaster G. A. with the Caltrop (Italian, active ca. 1538–52) From the Metropolitan Museum's copy of the Speculum Romanaemagnificentiae (Mirror of Rome's Magnificence)Engraving 7 1/8 x 5 3/8 in. (18.2 x 13.7 cm)Harris Brisbane Dick Fund, 1941 (41.72[2.24]) MET

  35. Athenian Vase Painting: Black- and Red-Figure Techniques http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/vase/hd_vase.htm cited 25/2/13 BLACK FIGURE TECHNIQUEPanathenaic amphora, ca. 530 B.C.; ArchaicAttributed to the Euphiletos PainterGreek, AtticTerracotta

  36. RED FIGURE TECHNIQUECalyx-krater (mixing bowl) with theatrical scene, ca. 400–390 B.C.; red-figureAttributed to the Tarporley PainterGreek, South Italian, ApulianTerracotta

  37. Geometric Period 900-700BC Abstract Geometric Patterns. The Greek city-state (polis) was formed Greek alphabet was developed. construction of large temples and sanctuaries dedicated to patron deities. Pan-Hellenic sanctuaries dedicated to the Olympian gods. Homer, whose epic poems describe the Greek campaign against Troy (the Iliad). The armed warrior, the chariot, and the horse are the most familiar symbols of the Geometric period. Bronze and clay primary materials. Neck amphora, fourth quarter of 8th century b.c.; Late Geometric, Greek, Attic, Terracotta H. 27 in. (68.5 cm)Rogers Fund, 1910 (10.210.7 MET

  38. In European historiography ("the writing of history"), perhaps the most value-laden and contested historical category is the "Renaissance." First coined in 1867 by Jakob Burckhardt in his book, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, the term has come to dominate our consciousness of what the historical experience of this period was. The Renaissance, as far as this book is concerned, is conceived as a departure from the Middle Ages, a fracture point where European culture suddenly changed into a new and different culture. There are two important aspects to this change, according to Burckhardt: the revival of classical learning, character, and life (hence the "rebirth" or "renaissance" of the classical world) and the beginning of the modern age

  39. The Renaissance (a word which literally means "born anew") is a name we've given to a period in Western history during which the arts - so important in Classic cultures - were revived. The arts had quite a difficult time remaining important during the Middle Ages, given all of the territorial struggles that were occurring throughout Europe. People living then had enough to do merely figuring out how to stay in the good graces of whomever was ruling them, while the rulers were preoccupied with maintaining or expanding control. With the large exception of the Roman Catholic Church, no one had much time or thought left over to devote toward the luxury of art.

  40. Studies for the Libyan Sibyl (recto); Studies for the Libyan Sibyl and a Small Sketch for a Seated Figure (verso), 1508–12Michelangelo Buonarroti (Italian, 1475–1564)ItalianRed chalk (recto); charcoal or black chalk (verso) 11 3/8 x 8 7/16 in. (28.9 x 21.4 cm)Purchase, Joseph Pulitzer Bequest, 1924 (24.197.2)

  41. It will come as no surprise, then, to hear that "the Renaissance" had no clear-cut beginning date, started first in those areas which had the highest relative levels of political stability and spread, not like wildfire, but in a series of different phases which occurred between the years c. 1150 and c. 1600

  42. Sandro Filepepi (Botticelli), Birth of Venus 185 for the Medici. Uffizi

  43. Fifteenth-century Italian Art, often (and not incorrectly) referred to as the "Early Renaissance", generally means artistic goings-on in the Republic of Florence between the years 1417 and 1494. (This doesn't mean nothing happened prior to 1417, by the way. The Proto-Renaissance explorations had spread to include artists throughout northern Italy.) Florence was the spot, for a number of factors, that the Renaissance period really caught hold and stuck. Sixteenth-century Italian Art is a category which contains three separate topics. What we now call the "High Renaissance"was a relatively brief period which lasted from roughly 1495 to 1527. (This is the little window of time referred to when one speaks of Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael.) The "Late Renaissance" took place between 1527 and 1600 (again, this is a rough time table) and included the artistic school known as Mannerism. Additionally, The Renaissance thrived in Venice, an area so unique (and supremely disinterested with Mannerism) that an artistic "school" has been named in its honor.

  44. The Pre- (or "Proto"-) Renaissance began in a northern enclave of present-day Italy sometime around 1150 or so. It didn't, at least initially, represent a wild divergence from any other Medieval art. What made the Proto-Renaissance important was that the area in which it began was stable enough to allow explorations in art to develop. Venus de Milo, Parian marble, h 2.02 m (6 1/2 ft)Found at Milo,130-120 BC, Musee du Louvre, Paris

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