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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Geography. Greece is part of the Balkan Peninsula. Surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea. Rugged coast with large mountains dividing the area Many islands off of its coast. Balkan Peninsula. Results.

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece Geography

  2. Greece is part of the Balkan Peninsula. • Surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea. • Rugged coast with large mountains dividing the area • Many islands off of its coast

  3. Balkan Peninsula

  4. Results • Ancient Greece was not a large continuous empire like Egypt. • Individual city-states were created. • These city-states were isolated from one another due to mountains separating areas and the sea. • Citizens of individual city-states were fiercely loyal and there were frequent wars.

  5. Economy • Due to its irregular coastline, Greece had many natural ports and safe harbors. • The Greeks (especially the Athenians) became expert sailors and trade was a staple in their economy. • Due to trade, cultural diffusion took place.

  6. Cultural Diffusion The spread of cultural elements from one culture to another.

  7. The Polis • A Polis is a Greek city-state. • They were built in two levels. 1. Above the main city an acropolis was built. An acropolis was the symbolic center of a Greek city-state, bringing together its most important sacred and civic buildings. 2. The lower level contained the walled main city.

  8. The acropolis in AthensThe Parthenon

  9. The Changing Polis750-500 B.C. • Early city-states were a monarchy • This later evolved into an aristocracy which is a society run by an upper-class of wealthy landowners • As trade progressed, a new middleclass developed. It consisted of merchants, artisans and farmers. This form of government is called an oligarchy.

  10. The Persian Wars • Greek city-states in Asia Minor(modern day Turkey) were conquered by the Persians. • The Persian Empire was larger and was significantly stronger militarily. • The Greek city-states rebelled against the Persians. • They went to Sparta for help and were turned away

  11. Persian Empire

  12. Persian Wars Continued • Athens however, promised 20 ships • The Athenians helped defeat the Persians in these city states in 498 B.C. • By 495 B.C. the Athenians grew bored and returned to Athens • The Persians marched in and quickly regained control of the city-states

  13. Marathon 490 B.C. • The Persians were angry at Athens for interfering. • The emperor Darius sent a large army across the Aegean Sea to Marathon. • The Athenians were outnumbered 2 to 1 yet managed to cause a Persian retreat. • Victorious, the Athenians sent Pheidippides to run to Athens and report the victory.

  14. Marathon Continued…. • The distance was 26.2 miles and he ran at a full sprint • Upon arriving he announced; “Rejoice, we conquer!” and then fell to the ground dead. • Modern Marathon runners cover 26.2 mile to this day.

  15. Persia Attacks Again (480 B.C.)(Second Persian War) • Xerxes (son of Darius) sends a larger to defeat the Athenians. • The Athenians had now convinced the Spartans to aid them. • Their combined efforts, Sparta’s land army and the Athenian navy defeated the Persians.

  16. Thermopylae • “300” • 2nd Mountain pass in Greece – only 60 feet wide. • Leonidas vs Xerxes • Ephialtes- Betrayed the army and told Persians about a mountain pass.

  17. Results of the Persian Wars • Athens became the most powerful city-state. • It organized the Delian League, an alliance of Greek city-states that united to defend against the Persians. • As time went on Athens forced their will on other members of the Delian League. This created the Athenian Empire • This also caused Sparta to fear Athenian Power and to not trust Athenian intentions.

  18. The Two Greek Powerhouses

  19. Sparta Totalitarian- A political system based on absolute power of a single party or dictator. Athens Democratic- a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them Two Different Governments

  20. The Golden Age of Athens

  21. Pericles • Was a great Athenian leader, 460 BC - 429 BC. He was a strong believer in democracy - Everyone from all classes could serve. "Government in the hands of the many, not of the few." The Athenians had freedom of speech and thought. • Created the environment for the golden age

  22. Art Advances in: • Sculpture- Lifelike but idealistic characters, (gods and goddesses) • Painting- only surviving relics are on pottery. Depict everyday life. • Architecture- great marvels of engineering. Known mostly by their column style. • All reflect mans ability to achieve!!!!

  23. The Great Greek Philosophers • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/PHIL/cpshelle/Gallery/Greek/aristotle.jpg

  24. Socrates (469-399 BCE) • Stonemason, spent time arguing with assembly • Taught: Question everything, use step-by-step questioning to final conclusion (Socaratic Method) • Executed for denying gods, corrupting youth, and trying to overthrow gov. Greenblatt, Lemmo. Human Heritage. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill 1995 http://www.btinternet.com/~socratic/

  25. Plato (427-347 BCE) • Pupil of Socrates • Recorded speeches of Socrates • Father of Political Science • Founded The Academy to train government leaders • Wrote The Republic & The Dialogues http://plato.evansville.edu/

  26. Aristotle (384-322 BCE) • Pupil of Plato at The Academy • Trained in Medicine • “Master of Them That Know” • First to classify plants & animals • Developed final steps in scientific method (Hypothesis and Test) Plato Aristotle http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html

  27. Math • Pythagoras- • Euclid- elements of geometry

  28. Hippocrates • known as the founder of medicine and was regarded as the greatest physician of his time. • Hippocratic Oath- DO NO HARM!!!!

  29. Alexander the Greatand Hellenistic Culture • Macedonia-small nation north of Greece • Greece thought they were uncivilized • Ruled by Phillip • Many City States make alliances and eventually Phillip takes over all of Greece

  30. Alexander • Takes the thrown after Phillips murder at age 20 • Attempts to live his fathers dream and take over the Persian Empire • He does this and keeps going all the way through modern day India • Dies suddenly and does not name a successor

  31. LegacyHellenistic Culture • Married a Persian woman and encouraged his men to do the same • Spread Greek culture • Hellenistic culture= cultural diffusion included elements of Greek ,Indian, Persian, and Egyptian cultures and beliefs

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