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ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION

ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION. OF DATA. - Process of breaking up the whole study into constituent parts of categories. - To focus the essential features of the study. ANALYSIS. of data. { } . QUALITATIVE. Having the same quality or kind.

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ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION

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  1. ANALYSIS,PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION OF DATA

  2. - Process of breaking up the whole study into constituent parts of categories. - To focus the essential features of the study ANALYSIS of data

  3. { } QUALITATIVE • Having the same quality or kind

  4. { } QUANTITATIVE • Grouped according to their quantity -example: grouped into ages of 10-14, 15-19, etc.

  5. { } GEOGRAPHICAL • Classified according to their location -example: schools may be grouped by their district or division

  6. { } CHRONOLOGICAL • Classified according to the order of their occurrence -example: classified according to school years ‘01-’02, ‘02-’03, etc.

  7. { } STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Descriptive Statistics: • Measures of central tendency, measures of variability • Frequency distribution Inferential Statistics: -Probability, hypothesis testing, statistical significance

  8. - organizing datainto logical, sequential and meaningful categories for study and interpretation. - Intelligible and interpretable PRESENTATION of data

  9. TEXTUAL TABULAR GRAPHICAL

  10. TEXTUAL • Supplement • tabular presentation • DISADVATAGES: • Boring to read, • especially if long • Reader may • skip statements • Uses statements with numerals or number to describe data. • Focus to important data

  11. TABULAR • Facilitate study and interpretation • Advantages • Concise • easily read and compared • Systematic arrangement of related data. • Rows and columns present the relationship of numerical facts

  12. Important Parts of Tables and Graphs: • Table/Graph Number • Used for reference purposes, preferably in Arabic 2. Title - The subject matter that the table deals with 3. Prefatory note - Explains unclear items in the table 3.Footnote -Explain, clarifies or qualifies some items in the table 4. Source note - The origin or source. Not necessary if the sources of the data are the respondents to a questionnaire or interview.

  13. GRAPHICAL • May be in pictorial or diagrammatic form. • Advantages: • Attracts more attention, less likely to be overlooked • Comprehensive view of quantitative data • Grasp essential facts quickly. • A chart representing the quantitative changes of a variable. May be in comparison with other variables • Most attractive and appealing way to present data • Disadvantages: • Not as accurate as tables • Require more skill and time

  14. TYPES OF GRAPHS • Bar Graphs a. Single Vertical Bar Graph b. Single Horizontal c. Grouped bar Graph d. Duo-directional e. Component Bar Graph f. Histogram

  15. TYPES OF GRAPHS 2. Linear Graphs a. Time Series or Chronological line chart b. Composite Line Chart c. Frequency Polygon d. Ogive e. Band Chart

  16. TYPES OF GRAPHS 3. Hundred percent Graphs or charts a. Subdivided bar b. Circle or Pie Graph 4. Pictograms

  17. BAR GRAPHS • Single Vertical Bar Graph • Bars are constructed vertically • Bars portray the magnitudes of the categories • Usually used to depict time series data

  18. BAR GRAPHS a. Single Vertical Bar Graph

  19. BAR GRAPHS b. Single Horizontal Bar Graph • Bars are constructed Horizontally • Usually used to compare magnitudes of different categories

  20. BAR GRAPHS b. Single Horizontal Bar Graph

  21. BAR GRAPHS c. Grouped Bar Graph • Used to compare two or more categories of a variable during a specific period of time • Subgroups of the categories have commonattributes

  22. BAR GRAPHS c. Grouped Bar Graph

  23. BAR GRAPHS • Bilateral Bar Graph • Present data in forms of assets, profits and positive numbers, liabilities, losses and negative numbers • Presence of positive and negative values

  24. BAR GRAPHS d. Bi-lateral Bar Graph

  25. BAR GRAPHS e. Component Bar Graph • Shows variation or changes of the components parts of a whole and the whole itself

  26. BAR GRAPHS f. Histogram • Bars placed side by side, heights indicate the magnitudes of their classes • For grouped or class frequency distributions

  27. BAR GRAPHS f. Histogram

  28. LINE GRAPHS A. Time series linear chart • Depict variations of a variable over a period of time

  29. LINE GRAPHS B. Time series composite charts • comparisons made between or among two or more categories

  30. LINE GRAPHS B. Time series composite charts

  31. LINE GRAPHS C. Frequency Polygon • Graph class or grouped frequency distribution • Counterpart of histogram • Connecting the midpoints of the classes

  32. LINE GRAPHS C. Frequency Polygon

  33. LINE GRAPHS D. Ogive • Graph of the cumulative frequencies • Either upward or downward

  34. LINE GRAPHS D. Ogive

  35. LINE GRAPHS E. Band Chart • Proportional variations of the component parts of a whole over a period of time

  36. ONE HUNDRED PER CENT GRAPHS • 100% bar graph or rectangular chart • Division of a 100% graph where the parts are divided per segment • Largest segment at the bottom

  37. ONE HUNDRED PER CENT GRAPHS • Pie chart or Circle Graph • Equated to 100% • 1% of the graph is equated to 3.6 degrees

  38. ONE HUNDRED PER CENT GRAPHS • Pie chart or Circle Graph

  39. PICTOGRAMS • Portray data by means of pictures or symbols. • Vivid comparison of magnitude

  40. PICTOGRAMS

  41. USE THE RIGHT TYPE OF GRAPHIC!!

  42. Discuss the summary of the implications of the findings • Possible meaning, probable causes and effects, suggestions to a situation or condition from the findings. INTERPRETATION of data

  43. -Adding meaning to information by making connections and comparisons

  44. Are there any outliers or discrepancies in the data? • A significant finding discovered in the research • May be favorable or unfavorable • A generalization formed from the findings EXISTENCE OF A CONDITION

  45. - A logical and valid relationship between the condition and the cause. - Causes may be inferred from other researches and studies PROBABLE CAUSE OF CONDITION

  46. - Logical and valid relationship between the condition and its possible effects - May be good or bad PROBABLE EFFECT OF CONDITION

  47. Possible solutions to remedy the unsatisfactory condition. • Suggest to continue practice and to strengthen it. SUGGESTION OR RECOMMENDATION

  48. - Who or what will be affected by the possible effects brought by the conditions / situations in the findings of the study? AREA OR ENTITY AFFECTED

  49. CONDITION - 56% of the sample select their GIFT class to develop their talents and skill 2. CAUSES -The students were given enough orientation about the program - Students intend to develop their skills 3. EFFECTS - By the end of the program, the students would have enhanced their skills 4. SUGGESTION - Continue the implementation of the program 5. AFFECTED -SPCP students who are enrolled in GIFT

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