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Plan. Radyasyon Tipleri Yarı ömür Fisyon (Çekirdek Parçalanması) Füzyon (Çekirdek Kaynaşması) Zincir Reaksiyon Nükleer Silahlar. A. X. Z. a taneciği. proton. n ö tron. ele k tron. Proton Sayısı. ,. ,. 1 H. 1 p. 0 b. 0 e. ,. 1. 1. +1. 1 n. 0 e. +1. A. 0 b. 0. -1. -1.
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Plan • Radyasyon Tipleri • Yarı ömür • Fisyon (Çekirdek Parçalanması) • Füzyon (Çekirdek Kaynaşması) • Zincir Reaksiyon • Nükleer Silahlar
A X Z ataneciği proton nötron elektron Proton Sayısı , , 1H 1p 0b 0e , 1 1 +1 1n 0e +1 A 0b 0 -1 -1 Z 4a 4He , 2 2 Temel Parçaçıklar Kütle Numarası Beta (pozitron) 1 1 0 0 4 1 0 -1 +1 2
14N + 1n 14C + 1H 0 7 6 1 14C 14N + 0b + n 6 7 -1 238U 206Pb + 8 4a + 6 0b 92 82 2 -1 Determining Half Lives and Dating Uranium-238 Dating t½ = 4.51 x 109 years Radiocarbon Dating t½ = 5730 years
Ne kadar enerji elde ediyoruz? • 1 g 235U= 9x107 kj • 1 g kömür= 34 kj • 1g TNT= 2,8 kj
Nuclear Fission Schematic diagram of a nuclear fission reactor
The first atom bomb test at the Trinity site in Alamogordo, New Mexico
Little Boy-Hiroşimaya atıldı Fat Man-Nagazakiye atıldı Nagazaki Semaları
Nükleer Füzyon Energy 2H + 3H 4He + 1n + 1 1 2 0 Güneş ve Yıldızlarda meydana gelir
2H + 2H 3H + 1H 1 1 1 1 2H + 3H 4He + 1n 2 1 0 1 6Li + 2H 2 4He 2 3 1 Fusion Reaction Energy Released 6.3 x 10-13 J 2.8 x 10-12 J 3.6 x 10-12 J • Second generation stars • From products of supernova of first generation star • Our sun –fusion starting with H • Heavier elements on planets!! Fusion reactions in stars • First generation stars • From products of Big Bang • Protons, electrons and residual neutrons • Fusion up to Fe • Supernova
China First nuclear test: 1964 Most recent nuclear test: 1996 Total tests: 43 (22 underground) India First nuclear test: 1974 Most recent nuclear test: 1998 Total tests: 7 Pakistan First nuclear test: 1998 Most recent nuclear test: 1998 Total tests: 6 Israel No Nuclear Tests 150-350 estimated nuclear weapons North Korea No Nuclear Tests 5-15 estimated nuclear weapons United States First nuclear test: 1945 Most recent nuclear test: 1992 Total tests: 1,030 (815 underground) Russia First nuclear test: 1949 Most recent nuclear test: 1990 Total tests: 715 (496 underground) United KingdomFirst nuclear test: 1952 Most recent nuclear test: 1991 Total tests: 45 (24 underground) France First nuclear test: 1960 Most recent nuclear test: 1996 Total tests: 210 (160 underground)
