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初中英语词汇教学策略

初中英语词汇教学策略. Strategy of Vocabulary Teaching In Junior High. 词汇学习的重要性: 词汇是语言的三大要素(语音、词汇、语法)之一,是语言的基本材料 , 其中又属词汇最为重要。 词汇掌握的多少,是反映学生英语水平的标志之一。 词汇是学好英语的基础,词汇关过不了,对语句的理解记忆就会很吃力,而不用说文章阅读和语法理解,因此学习英语必须首先突破词汇关。. 语言学家 Wilkings 说 : “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed.

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初中英语词汇教学策略

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  1. 初中英语词汇教学策略 Strategy of Vocabulary Teaching In Junior High

  2. 词汇学习的重要性: 词汇是语言的三大要素(语音、词汇、语法)之一,是语言的基本材料,其中又属词汇最为重要。词汇掌握的多少,是反映学生英语水平的标志之一。 词汇是学好英语的基础,词汇关过不了,对语句的理解记忆就会很吃力,而不用说文章阅读和语法理解,因此学习英语必须首先突破词汇关。

  3. 语言学家Wilkings说: “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed. Without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.”

  4. 教育部制订的《英语课程标准》指出: “在英语课程实施中, 帮助学生有效地使用学习策略, 不仅有利于他们把握学习的方向、采用科学的途径、提高学习效率, 而且还有助于他们形成自主学习的能力, 为终身学习奠定基础。”

  5. 《英语课程标准》对学习的认知策略作了包含以下内容的目标描述:《英语课程标准》对学习的认知策略作了包含以下内容的目标描述: “借助联想学习和记忆词语; 对所学内容能主动复习并加以整理和归纳;注意发现语言的规律并能运用规律举一反三。”

  6. 在教学建议中又指出, “教师应做到: 引导学生结合语境, 采用推测、查阅或询问等方法进行学习; 引导学生运用观察、发现、归纳和实践等方法, 学习语言知识, 感悟语言功能。”

  7. 08中考词汇新变化: 英语词汇由去年的1100左右,增加到1600左右。在试题易、中、难考试比例上有所调整,2008年中考英语为6:2:2,而2007年是6:3:1。考生要注重培养词汇的积累和语言运用能力。

  8. 在传统的英语教学中,词汇教学存在着两大误区: 词汇意义教学的误区和词汇识记教学的误区。 词汇意义教学的误区主要表现在完全脱离句子和文章内容孤立地讲解词义。

  9. 词汇教学法应遵循的几个原则 (一)情境性原则。 (二)音、形、义相结合的原则。 (三)词不离句 ,句不离篇。 (四)眼脑口手耳并用。 (五)词不离文化内涵。

  10. 国外研究表明,人们通过语言形式从听觉获得的知识能记忆15%;从视觉获得的知识能记忆25%;把听觉和视觉结合起来,能够记忆的内容可达65%。

  11. How to help the students understand? How to help the students think? How to help the students use?

  12. Remember Tell me and I will forget. Show me and I understand. Involve me and I remember!

  13. Methods of Vocabulary Teaching

  14. 通过游戏教单词知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。 心理学家研究认为,兴趣可增强记忆,兴趣是人对事物的积极而持久的认识倾向,它与大脑皮层中思维活动的兴奋中心相伴随。”玩是孩子的天性,让孩子们在“玩中学,学中玩”游戏便是一种集知识性与趣味性为一体的娱乐方式,也是孩子们偏爱的一种学习方式, 要想调动他们学习的积极性,在词汇教学中更要采取活泼多样的形式,来减轻学生对单词厌烦和焦虑心理,教师只有帮他们清除了这些心理障碍,孩子们的各方面能力才会有所提高。

  15. 猜词游戏1通过多媒体播放不同的实物图( 如交通工具) , 甲生背向屏幕, 乙生看图用英语来描述, 甲生根据乙生的描述猜测是什么交通工具并拼写该单词。 这种游戏可以激发学生的学习兴趣及竞争意识, 培养学生用英语描述单词的能力, 还可以培养学生的协作精神。

  16. 猜的游戏2 学习过关于人的体貌特征及服装词汇:big/small eyes, long/shorthair, tall/thin, red skirt, white shirt , black pants 等, 可设计这样的竟猜活动: 一是给学生时间准备, 描述自己的一位同班同学, 然后让单个学生站起描述, 如, He is a boy,he is tall, he has two small eyes, he has short hair, he is wearing a blue T- shirt and black shoes. 其他同学边听边在班里用目光搜寻, 眼脑并用, 猜是哪位同学。

  17. 猜的游戏3让一位同学到前面, 在纸上写下一位同学的名字交给老师, 其他同学不能看见。其他学生通过提问一般疑问句来猜是哪位同学: Is he a boy ? Is he /she tall? Does he/she wear a red coat? Does he/she have a small nose?

  18. 猜词游戏4What is it ?一队的学生描述一件东西,如:“It has four legs. It’s made of wood. It’s used for sitting.另一队学生作答:“It’s a chair.”这种猜测游戏可锻炼学生的思维能力。

  19. 游戏5 “What’s missing?” 此游戏训练学生认读和记忆字母的能力。老师从字母表中抽出任意五张字母卡片,展示一分钟后,合起来抽走一张,再让学生辨别,并快速说出抽走了哪个字母。随着游戏的深入,老师提供的字母卡片数可逐步增加,而学生看卡片的时间可相对缩短。

  20. 游戏 6 数词记忆 “ Who has number… ?” 写些数词卡片,根据所教数词的多少,卡片上分别写上从1到25,从25到100,从100到1000和超过1000以上的数词。当教师指卡与学生背诵、做游戏时,就用数字代替他们的各字。就像他们的英文名字一样,使用多了就记熟了,这个游戏锻炼学生们的记忆能力。

  21. 游戏7Add-on例1学生1:“I see a living room.”学生2:“I see a living room and a kitchen.”学生3:“I see a living room a kitchen and a bathroom.” 如此类推。 例2学生1:“I like milk.”学生2:“I like milk and pie.” 学生3:“I like milk, pie and cake.”如此类推。 (这个游戏结合图片、实物来做,看谁坚持说得时间最长、说的词汇最多,培养学生口头表达能力、复述能力和单词的贮存量。)

  22. 游戏8 练习物主代词的用法这个游戏找5至6 个学生上黑板前做: 学生1:“My name is .”学生2:“His\ Her name is , my name is .”学生3:“His name is, her name is,my name is…” 如此类推。

  23.   体态语 教学heavy, carry, high, reach, too⋯to⋯时, 老师可用双手用力搬讲桌, 面部露出很费力的表情对学生说: Oh, the desk is too heavy to carry. 事先放一把尺子在黑板的上面, 老师伸长手臂, 踮起脚尖去拿尺子, 但仍然摸不到, 这时对学生说: The ruler is too high to reach. 学生通过观察老师的动作和表情就能理解单词的意思。

  24. 英语词汇的形象教学 vivid teaching method 词汇呈现的次数和讲授的方法是词汇教学中两个重要因素。一般认为, 所学的词汇在短期内复现的次数越多, 记忆效果越好。但是, 一英国语言学家却持不同的观点。他认为, 人们对某一事物记忆的好坏取决于对该事物认知层次的深浅。学习词汇只要呈现一次或两次, 其记忆效果会比呈现多次好。他主张, 教师应力求使学生记牢第一次出现的词汇, 不要多次训练。在他看来重要的是如何呈现词汇,不是复现的次数。换言之, 词汇教学不取决于复现的次数, 关键在于呈现的方法、技巧。

  25. look

  26. look after look into look up look down look back look up and down

  27.  归纳演绎法策略 归纳和演绎是两种主要的推理形式。 归纳是学习者在学习的过程中,根据一系列的事实概括出一般原理,即由个别到一般的推理过程。(人们在归纳时往往加入自己的想法,而这恰恰帮助了人们的记忆。) 演绎则是由一般原理推出个别情况下的结论,即由一般到个别的推理过程 。从普遍性结论或一般性事理推导出个别性结论的论证方法。(the deductive method )

  28. easy fat heavy fun noisy study beatify play stay

  29. drive —drove —driven , strike —stroke —striken ; strive sleep keep swim—swam —swum, sink —sank —sunk .

  30. go went gone undergo stand understand wear wore worn tear bear

  31. Word puzzles 1  What has a bed but never sleeps, a mouth but never speaks? 2 What fruit is never found singly?

  32. Word puzzles 1 What has a bed but never sleeps, a mouth but never speaks? (A river) 2 What fruit is never found singly? (A pear)

  33. Erasing words T writes ten difficult words on the Bb, and give students one minute to memorize the words. Then T will erase the words one by one, and Ss will remember them. After erasing all the words , T will dictate the students these words.

  34. 直观教学法direct-viewing teaching method1)利用实物介绍新词汇。如:Look,this is a watch.(用手指着手表)2)直接介绍讲解词汇,让学生重复。如:介绍新单词thigh,T:(Pointing to thigh ). Look,this is my thigh. Can you say it?学生重复说thigh两遍。 wristtea , bag , book , ruler , 3)利用图片介绍词汇,如:racket bat

  35. 下定义法 (Definition) 如: 1) breakfast——the first meal of a day. 2) A noun is the name of a person, plac e or thing. 3) holiday:time off from work 4) invite:ask someone to dinner or a party 5) housework:work done around the home 6) afternoon:between 12:00 and 6:00 in the daytime 7) exam:an important school test 8) entrance:place where you go in

  36. 描述呈现法method of description and presentaion 如,板书ambulance一词,说:An ambulance is like a car or a bus. it takes sick people to the hospital. usually there are doctors or nurses on an ambulance.if you call 120, an ambulance will come at once.

  37. Synonym clues (or ,like, similarly,also ) • Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 2)Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends.

  38. 让学生熟悉构词法特征, 触类旁通、举一反三。 What a bright sun! (形容词和名词对比) It’s sunny. (n.+ y→adj.) The sun is shining brightly. (adj.+ ly →adv.) What a strongwind! It’s windy. The wind is blowing strongly.

  39. 在目的词与关键词之间建立想象链。实践证明,使用关键词法策略能够使英语学习者对生词进行深加工和记忆,比较容易形成长时记忆。例如,在目的词与关键词之间建立想象链。实践证明,使用关键词法策略能够使英语学习者对生词进行深加工和记忆,比较容易形成长时记忆。例如, shampoo — radar — series — engine — hacker — pudding — motor — AIDS — tire — Gobi — typhoon — golf — coolie tycoon — copy — shock — humor — tofu — clone — gene — carnation — salad — system— media — bowling —

  40. 在目的词与关键词之间建立想象链 shampoo —香波 radar —雷达 engine —引擎 hacker —黑客 motor —马达 AIDS —艾滋(病) Gobi —戈壁 typhoon—台风 coolle —苦力 tycoon —大款 shock —休克 humor —幽默 clone —克隆 gene —基因 salad —色拉 system—系统 media —媒体 bowling —保龄(球) series —系列 pudding —布丁 carnation — 康乃馨

  41. 利用反义词(Antonym clues ) (yet, but ,unlike, however, while ,not…but, instead, on the contrary, in contrast, rather than)在英词中表示相对的概念的词汇经常可以遇见。如学过big以后,当学到small时,可以指 出Small means not big. different:not the same 如: tall short high low dirty clean再如,板书relaxed一词,并说:I’m not nervous at all. I'm very relaxed.

  42. Illustration 1) Your uncle’s and your aunt’s daughters or sons are your cousins. 2) My father’s father is my grandfather. 3) a regulation is an official rule or order. 4) Illustration means to use a sentence or picture to explain the meaning.

  43. Revision It’s in the pencil-case. Where is the ruler?

  44. 利用因果关系:consequence Xiao Li has not taken his lunch, so he is hungry. I have drunk a lot of water, so I am not thirsty now.

  45. Common sense In old days, when girls from rich families were married, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.

  46. Meaning focus Word networks Happy Birthday Paper Friendship Gift father wrap shop mother Friend

  47. 利用联想找规律Association method如由tree联想到branch, leaf, green,yellow, colour, flower等。

  48. 教师应注意培养学生联想的能力。例如教 furniture 一词时,教师不应只给出中文“家具”,而是应该利用学生学过的词进行讲解,如: A desk is furniture,a table is furnitrue, a bed is furniture,a cupboard is furniture. What does the word "furniture" mean?

  49. 关联词群(联想词群)如:教fruit时,指出这是水果的总称,为让学生联想到有关水果的词,教师在 黑板上表示关联词群transportation people stationary food

  50. 关联词群(联想词群)

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