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Sedimentary Rocks II

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Sedimentary Rocks II

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    2. Sedimentary Structures Strata or beds Distinct layers having variations in texture, color or physical properties Formations Large scale stratification Contain numerous individual strata

    5. Surface impressions Indicate the top of a sedimentary bed Preserve features indicating past environment Ripple marks Mud cracks

    7. Sedimentary Structures Cross-bedding Individual layers are inclined in reference to the top or bottom of the larger bed Formed by movement of sand waves or dunes Inclination shows flow direction and right-side-up

    10. Graded bedding Progressive change in grain size upward Fining upward Commonly formed by turbidites Subaqueous sediment flows Coarsest particles settle first

    12. Fossils Fossil remains or trace fossils Indicate paleo-environment Detailed study may provide Depth of water Temperature and salinity Relative age of rock

    13. Sedimentary Systems Systems include: Weathering Transportation Deposition Lithification Sedimentary rock records processes that produced it

    15. Advance and retreat of shallow seas Common example of a stratigraphic sequence Cycle consists of Sandstone-shale-limestone-shale-sandstone

    19. Sequence Stratigraphy Sedimentary rock formations classified by rock type Sequences of formations may be grouped together Sequences separated by unconformity Relate global scale events e.g., Change in sea level

    21. Plate tectonics plays a major role Sediment deposition & geographic distribution Sediment source areas Formation of sequences

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