The Pre-World-War: Seven Years War

1. The Pre-World-War: Seven Years War

3. Neglect and Growth • The Glorious Revolution* • Post-Civil War Charles II, James I • Increasing dissent and fear at home • Parliament invites Dutch nobles… • William & Mary take throne with minimal bloodshed, Parliamentary permission • The Period of Salutary Neglect* • Non-enforcement of most Nav Acts • Appointment of active but moderate Govs • Absentee colonial officials, local hiring. • Continual transfer to ‘royal colony status’. • Small Colonial Wars • Queen Anne’s War (1703) • King George’s War (1744) • Cajun Country (Tee Hee) • The Mature Colonies – Remember? • Diversity of colonial societies. • Internal conflict – North Carolina Regs

4. Neglect and Growth • Money and the Triangular Trade* • Increasing volume of trade between colonies, Caribbean, England, and Europe. • Complexity of colonial economies can’t be boiled down too far. • Need for other markets – imports and exports alike. • Colonial smuggling – a huge part of the economy and all goods. • British still collect some benefit. • The Ohio Country* • Continuing expansion of Virginia plantations, NY and PA populations, and MA towns. • Profitable trade with interior tribes

6. Tension and War • Europe Implodes • Disputes over thrones of Europe • Slow growth of unstable alliance system after independence of Dutch • Ascendance of William and Mary changes the calculus of colonies! • Ambition of Spainish Hapsburgs • Battle Lines In The Colonies* • Acadia and the cod trade • Barbados, Jamacia, Haiti, and sugar • Candadaand the ‘Indian Trade’ • North American colonists.

7. The War Precipitates • Unity In Defense?* • Repeated attempts by colonial groups to band together. • Native American adaptation to European colonization. • Wilderness wars and military tactics of the 1700s. • Recruiting Colonials • New England militia systems • Virginia’s endless frontier • Scotch-Irish frontiers • Impressment and the Royal Navy in New England colonies. • The Fort System* • Both sides establish numerous fortified trading posts in Ohio Country, and…

10. Formal Beginnings • Washington On The Attack* • War begins as British colonial militias ward off ‘unity’ of French colonies in South and North. • The Ohio Company of Virginia. • Temporary lapses of authority. • George Washington leads colonial forced in botched assault. • ‘Fort Necessity’ incident • Comedy of Errors* • British attacks end in miserable failure, 1756-1758. • English colonists victims of massacres by Native Americans. • Mass panic in colonial cities.

12. Turning Things Around • The British Strategy • The fall of the Pitt administration • Nature of Parliamentary gov’t • New strategy in America • Colonial Losses* • Death of Braddock and Washington proves how good he is at retreating. • Armies in the 1700s and food • Starvation in New England • Raids and naval piracy in the South • Militia and border defense • The St. Lawrence Valley Strategy* • English naval superiority and colonial support for ships – ports! • French expect attacks on valuable Haiti

14. Turning Things Around • Annus Mirabilis* • French naval defeats prevent resupply in North America before 1761 • French losses elsewhere in the world • Battle of the Plains of Abraham • Battles in Newfoundland, Havana • Closing Down The War • Four years of slow wind down. • Wars in Europe, India, slow methods of communication mean war continues. • Creates lots of instability with Native Americans, including Pontiac’s Rebellion*

15. The End? • The 1763 Treaty of Paris* • Deportation of Acadians • The Proclamation Line • The Mississippi Line • The Florida Issue • Tolerance for Catholics • The British and Colonial Side* • British costs of the war • Colonial costs of the war • War and social perceptions • Proud British subjects? • The big losers: • French Monarchy • French Canadians • All Native Americans • Haiti and sugar islands