1 / 14

Urinary System

Explore the anatomy and functions of the urinary system, including the kidneys, nephron structure, urine composition, and conditions like renal failure and kidney stones. Learn about urine formation, concentration, and regulation processes.

gail
Download Presentation

Urinary System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Urinary System URINARY SYSTEM ORGANS: • Ureters • Collect urine from kidneys, bring to bladder • Bladder • Muscular, elastic organ – holds about 250ml • Urethra • Longer in males than in females • Two sphincters: involuntary & voluntary

  2. KIDNEYS • Filter blood, produce urine (24 hrs a day) • Cortex and medulla; At hilus, artery in, vein and ureter out

  3. Nephron Structure • Bowman’s capsule & glomerulus • Filtration occurs here • Pressure forces filtrate through cell gaps • Formed elements (blood cells), large proteins stay in blood • Water, ions (salts), nutrients, wastes go through • 180 liters filtrate per day • Proximal convoluted tubule • Majority of reabsorption occurs here. 179 liters reclaimed to peritubular capillary network

  4. Water, salt, glucose, amino acids back to the blood (nutrients in general) • Secretion – removal from blood of wastes that escaped filtration • Loop of Henle ( ascending and descending limbs) • Distal convoluted tubule • Collecting duct

  5. Nephron Functions • Filtration: Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus) • Reabsorption: Proximal convoluted tubule • Secretion: Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule , Collecting duct

  6. Concentration of Urine • Kidneys regulate water-salt balance of the blood. • Kidney cells use ATP to set it up (pump NaCl & urea leaks into renal medulla) • Descending loop of Henle: water diffuses into salty medulla tissue • Ascending loop of Henle: not water permeable!!!!! Salt is actively pumped out

  7. Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct: water permeability under hormonal control • ADH (Antidiuretic hormone-secreted by pituitary gland) • Increases urine concentration • When ADH decreases, kidneys make dilute urine • Alcohol interferes with ADH secretion  dilute urine, you lose water – coffee too

  8. Urine Composition • 95% water by volume; rest is solutes • Nitrogenous wastes: urea, creatinine, uric acid • Ions: sodium, potassium, sulfate, • Associated with medical problems: glucose, blood proteins (albumin), red or white blood cells, bile pigments

  9. Renal Failure • Symptoms: • Acidosis – low blood pH - kidneys excrete hydrogen ions • Anemia – low RBC count – erythropoietin • Edema – water and salts retention • Hypertension – high blood pressure • Accumulation of nitrogenous wastes (urea) • Hemodialysis – artificial kidney • Kidney transplant

  10. Kidney Stones • Mineral crystals (often calcium) that form in the kidney and pass down ureter. • Prevention: drink plenty of water

More Related