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Nanotechnology in Roads - Soil Subgrade

Nanotechnology in Roads - Soil Subgrade. ASPHALT LAYERS (BC / DBM). CRUSHED STONE BASE COURSE (WMM / WBM). GRANULAR SUBBASE (GSB). SOIL LAYER (SUBGRADE). TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION DESIGN. CRITICAL CONCERNS.

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Nanotechnology in Roads - Soil Subgrade

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  1. Nanotechnology in Roads - Soil Subgrade

  2. ASPHALT LAYERS (BC / DBM) CRUSHED STONE BASE COURSE (WMM / WBM) GRANULAR SUBBASE (GSB) SOIL LAYER (SUBGRADE) TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION DESIGN

  3. CRITICAL CONCERNS Subgrade soil compaction and expansion in wet conditions, for black, marine clay and silty sands ( Proctor Density CBR Values) Cracking of roads due to expansion & contraction of expansive soils (Soil plasticity and permeability test) Utilization of in-situ soils and local stones to make the sub-base with permanent waterproofing characteristics (availability, sustainability) Waterproofing of potholes, cracks and road shoulders / sides

  4. ISSUES SUBGRADE SOIL CBR – Dry & Wet Water ingress – Can waterproofing be achieved? SIDES- SHOULDERS / EMBANKMENTS Soil erosion – can it be prevented?

  5. DEVELOPMENT DESIRED • WATER LOVING • Necessary for Compaction • WATER HATING • Must for performance

  6. FEATURES Water soluble Chemically reactive (permanent waterproofing) Thermal & UV stability Si-O-Si siloxane bond (by converting silanol groups to siloxane) Non leachable chemistry Easy Application

  7. ZYCOSOIL CHEMISTRY -OH groups make surface very hydrophilic (water loving) O H O H O H O H O H O H O H S i S i S i S i S i S i S i Particle surface O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O S i S i S i S i O S i S i S i O O O O O O O O O O Soil/clay particle surface silicate structure Zycosoil molecule creates molecular level hydrophobic zone (water repellent) O O O O O S i S i S i S i S i S i S i O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Newly formed Siloxane bonds S S i S i S i S i S i S i i Particle surface O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O S i S i S i S i O S i S i S i O Internal Siloxane bonds O O O O O O O O O Soil / Clay surface silicate structure after Zycosoil reaction

  8. WILL HELP IN SOIL SUBGRADE Use local in-situ soils CBR >2 Improved CBR value  4 day soak (retaining strength of subgrade soil under wet condition) Reduced Plasticity of soil (soil expansion and contraction is eliminated) Reduction / elimination of Water Permeability Breathable waterproofing

  9. CBR Test Zycosoil Modified Soil: Dry soil was treated with 20 % diluted Zycosoil solution (1:100) on the weight of soil. The soil was conditioned at room temperature till it reached OMC and then compacted The mould was completely dried for four days in Sun Complete drying allowed all silanol groups of soil to be converted into siloxane bonds to get waterproofed soil. The effect of waterproofing was checked by putting a drop of water on the dry surface.

  10. CBR Test Control Soil Dry soil was treated with water at optimum moisture content and then compacted The mould was completely dried for four days in Sun Both the moulds were subjected to four day soak condition in water and followed by CBR test

  11. MAINTAINING CBR VALUE UNDER WET CONDITION Comparative CBR values are given below: Zycosoil reacts with the soil particles and waterproofs the surfaces permanently. It improves the load bearing properties of different types of expansive and silty soils.

  12. MAINTAINING CBR VALUE UNDER WET CONDITION Conclusion The CBR Value of 2 – 10 under four day soak condition increases to 10 – 70 with Zycosoil treatment.

  13. REDUCTION OF SOIL PLASTICITY All expansive soils absorb water, expand and lose strength Zycosoil modified soils do not allow water to wet and absorb in the soil resulting in substantially reduced plasticity

  14. MAINTAINING BREATHABILITY Zycosoil being a nano modification keeps the pores open to allow vapors to escape while preventing water to come in

  15. GRANULAR SUBBASE The GSB layer can be eliminated with equivalent thickness of soil subbase, since higher CBR values and reduced Soil Plasticity are achievable due to application of Zycosoil in Soil Subgrade

  16. SOIL TREATMENT SOIL & WATER Clay Mineral Particles Surface Adsorbed Water

  17. Zycosoil Optimization on Compacted Soil Achieving 95-100 % Proctor density upon compaction provides better CBR and less porous soil structure. Waterproofing on a Compacted soil provides optimum utilization of Zycosoil because of only interstitial connected open pores on the surface are needed to be waterproofed.

  18. BENEFITS Improved 4 day soak CBR Breathable Waterproofed Barrier Improved Soil bonding to Asphaltic layers Perpetual pavement

  19. Stop Capillary action • Two 1 M2 compacted black cotton soil bed prepared with OMC level moisture. Then 6” deep and 3” wide channel made Surrounding the compacted bedto pour water and study the capillary action. • Diluted Zycosoil (1:200) at 3L/ M2 was sprayed on the first dry bed to make 1” waterproofed compacted bed and second bed kept for untreated soil. Then allowed to dry for 24 hr under natural sun light. • The treated surface was tested for waterproofing by pouring water in surrounding channel of treated and untreated bed.

  20. Stop Capillary action Zycosoil treated black soil bed – After 1 hr Untreated Black soil bed – After 1 hr Rajnandgaon, Ashoka Buildcon Ltd. Observation: Untreated black cotton soil absorbed water and wet the top surface & sides immediately because of capillary action. While Zycosoil treated soil found completely dry which indicates no capillary rise

  21. ROAD ENVELOP CONCEPTS Existing road design should be kept intact Substitute the 300 mm granular subbase (GSB) by in-situ soils Silty & Sandy clays - ML, MI, CL, CI; and Clayey & Silty sands - SC& SM ( Soils of CBR > 2 ). Typically 2 % hydrated lime for clayey soils and 2 % cement for silty soils are cost effective stabilization techniques to improve the engineering properties of soil for subgrade.

  22. HIGHWAY ROAD – MULTI LAYER

  23. HIGHWAY ROAD – MULTI LAYER Spray diluted Zycosoil solution (1:100) @ 3L / M2 on the bottom Compact the bottom and Sun dry for 2-3 hours.

  24. HIGHWAY ROAD – MULTI LAYER Check for water repellency at 15-20 mm depth by drilling a hole. Lack of repellency indicates incomplete drying or penetration. Ensure complete drying before next layer is laid.

  25. HIGHWAY ROAD – MULTI LAYER Put one layer of 150mm of soil with optimum moisture content (OMC), using roller compactor. The thickness can increase to 225 mm if vibratory compactor is used. Achieve the Proctor density of 95 – 100 %.

  26. HIGHWAY ROAD – MULTI LAYER Repeat step 1 & 2 and continue till the soil subgrade height of minimum 800 -1000 mm above the highest flood water level. Lay a 10 – 20 mm thick stone aggregate layer ( 4 – 8 mm size) on the finished soil base.

  27. HIGHWAY ROAD – MULTI LAYER Spray treat the above top layer with a mix of 1 part cationic asphalt emulsion and 10 parts Zycosoil solution (1:100 dilution) at 3-L/M2

  28. HIGHWAY ROAD – MULTI LAYER Compact with a roller compactor immediately, to allow stones to penetrate in sub soil base. Sun dry for 2-3 hours. Check for water repellency at 15-20 mm depth by drilling a hole. Lack of repellency indicates incomplete drying. Ensure complete drying before next layer is laid.

  29. HIGHWAY ROAD – MULTI LAYER Construct a 250 mm WMM (Highway) with aggregates size as per the current prescribed standard. Spray treat the WMM (Highway) layer with a mix of 1 part cationic asphalt emulsion and 10 parts Zycosoil solution (1:100 dilution) at 3-L/M2. Sun dry and check for water repellency.

  30. HIGHWAY ROAD – MULTI LAYER Lay 150 mm DBM ( intermediate asphalt binder layer) Zycosoil mixed asphalt concrete layer and compact to achieve 7-8 % voids. Lay 50 mm BC Zycosoil mixed asphalt concrete layer and compact to achieve 6-7% air voids.

  31. HIGHWAY ROAD – MULTI LAYER After the slope is made by cutting / slicing the shoulder, spray on the sides and the slope with a mix of 1 part cationic asphalt emulsion with 10 parts Zycosoil solution (1:100 dilution) at 3-L/M2. Sun dry for 2-3 days. Check for water repellency 15 - 20 mm depth by drilling a hole.

  32. HIGHWAY ROAD – MULTI LAYER Now use soil to cover & build shoulder as per the prescribed procedure. Ensure complete saturation of soil and full drying at least once. This is critical for successful implementation of this technology.

  33. RURAL ROAD – MULTILAYER ABOVE GROUND LEVEL

  34. RURAL ROAD – MULTILAYER BELOW GROUND

  35. SIDES WATERPROOFING - BELOW GROUND Spray diluted Zycosoil (1:100), at 3 – 5 L/M2 on vertical side walls and bottom. Saturate at the top edge so that the run down of spray will be absorbed at the bottom. Use good quality yellow soil. Put 30 cm on both sides of the trench, especially for expansive clayey soil. Saturate they yellow soil 15-20 cm on both sides of the trench with Zycosoil solution (1:100)

  36. HIGHWAY ROAD – COMPLETE SUBMERGENCE Entire waterproofed soil bed: Pulverize 150 mm soil layer. Spray diluted Zycosoil solution (1:100) at OMC level and compact it. Spray diluted Zycosoil solution (1:100) at 2L/M2 on compacted bed. This will make 15mm waterproofed compacted bed. Repeat the above steps layerwise and continue till the soil subgrade height is above the highest flood water level. (In case where soil is completely wet and not possible to get dry soil, then bring Zycosoil treated waterproofed dry soil and compact in excavated bottom. Then lay the loose wet soil and allow it to dry and follow above procedure for waterproofing of soil. Repeat the above steps layerwise )

  37. HIGHWAY ROAD – COMPLETE SUBMERGENCE

  38. RURAL ROAD – COMPLETE SUBMERGENCE

  39. THANK YOU

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