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World War II

World War II. Zisk US History. World Depression. Germany defaults Allies default to US 1931 Hoover’s Moratorium. 1933 FDR / London Conf. 1933 US recognition of USSR Sec.of State Hull … Good Neighbor Policy . Totalitarianism. Communism Fascism brings the 3‘isms back.

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World War II

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  1. World War II Zisk US History

  2. World Depression • Germany defaults • Allies default to US • 1931 Hoover’s Moratorium

  3. 1933 FDR / London Conf. • 1933 US recognition of USSR • Sec.of State Hull … Good Neighbor Policy

  4. Totalitarianism • Communism • Fascism brings the 3‘isms back

  5. 1922 Mussolini Italy

  6. 1924 Stalin USSR

  7. 1933 Hitler Germany

  8. Mussolini’s and Hitler’s Rise to POWER...

  9. Treaty of Versailles • M. Italy did not get land promised. Lost too many dead to lost cause

  10. H. “Stab in the back” Army had not lost - Jews, communists and socialists had surrendered. Guilt clause…Diktat

  11. The Economy • Both blamed the Allies. Hitler complained about reparations.

  12. Politics • Both used the threat of communism to gain powerful business allies.

  13. Weak post-war Democracies in both countries

  14. Paramilitary Armies • violence • M’s “Blackshirts” • H’s “Brownshirts

  15. Appointed to Power • M. “IL Duce” 1922 by King • H. “Fuehrer” 1933 by President

  16. In Power ... • Both remove civil liberties • Rebuild economy • H. rebuilds war machine

  17. Fascism/Comm. • Dictator • Totalitarian • Govt. Force • Govt. Censorship • State Supreme

  18. Fascism... nationalistic Appeals to middle class Preserves social classes Communism International revolution Appeals to workers Classless society

  19. Neutrality ... • US tricked into WWI? • 1934+ Anti-war • 1935 Neutrality Acts reaction to Mussolini

  20. Arms embargo • Avoid belligerent’s ships • limit eco. exchange • 1936 extend N.Acts …Sp. Civil War

  21. 1936 Rome/Berlin Axis formed • 1937 Congress extends N.Acts to forbid travel on belligerent ships.

  22. Congress allows for non-military items on cash and carry basis.

  23. Path to War • 1931 • Japan invades • Manchuria • ‘37 China

  24. March 1938 • Gmy annexes Austria • “Anschluss”

  25. Sept. ‘38 Munich • Chamberlain - G.B. Daladier - France • Czech Sudetenland • “appeasement”

  26. March ‘39 • Gmy takes Czech. • July US gives Japan 6mos notice ... • Aug. ‘39 Nazi/Soviet Non-aggression Pact

  27. Sept. 1, 1939 • Tanks roll over Poland • 9/3 WAR

  28. “This nation will remain a neutral nation, but I cannot ask …”

  29. FDR asks for repeal of Embargo section of Neutrality Acts • Cash and Carry ...

  30. “Top Secret” talks with Einstein 1939 will lead to 1941 Manhattan Project • 4/4/40 sitzkrieg over no more phony war!

  31. Late summer 1940 • 50 old battleships for bases • $4 bill. for navy • Selective Service - 1st peacetime draft

  32. US forbids shipment of airplane fuel or scrap metal to Japan

  33. Britain alone ... • Churchill “only blood, toil, tears, and sweat” • “We shall defend our island...” • “Never…”

  34. And so... • G.B. and Churchill waited… • G.B. last bastion of democracy...

  35. 1940 election • Dem. FDR for 3rd term • Rep. Wendell Wilkie

  36. Neutral no more • 3/41 Lend Lease • Gm. subs/ Atlantic • 6/41 Nat. Emergency declared

  37. 6/22/41 Hitler opens 2nd Front • FDR extends Lend Lease to USSR • 7/41 Japan opens negotiations ...

  38. Atlantic Charter • August 1941 • Churchill & FDR • “outlined the asperations of the democracies…”

  39. Time running out • FDR freezes Japan’s assets and sets a • Trade embargo • 9/41 Atlantic shoot on sight

  40. 10/41 Gen. Hideki Tojo becomes Jap. prime minister • 10/30/41 American warship sunk off Iceland

  41. Dec. 7, 1941...

  42. The Homefront • Mobilization … • Businesses • War Production Board • Production, profits, consolidation increase • National War Labor Board • Office of War Information • Taxes/payroll deductions

  43. Relocation Camps … • “yellow peril” • 127,000 J-Americans, 80,000 born in US so citizens • Executive Order 9066

  44. Social Impact • 15 million move during war • Money to spend • # of women heading households up • Women in the workforce … Rosie the Riveter (19.5 mill)

  45. War of Diplomats and Generals • War Aims… • Jan ’42 FDR’s 4 Freedoms: of speech, worship, from want, and from fear • Vague references to needs: extend democracy (but) and a new peacekeeping org.

  46. Only real policy…end war quickly (but what about…); solve problems as they arise • Two front war but where is the most danger? • Ally cooperation in Europe: GB, Stalin, and Free French

  47. 1942’s Disastrous start…

  48. Strategies to end the war • European Theatre … • N.Africa (’42) to Sicily (’43) to Italy … Rome captured ‘44 • Allied Commander Eisenhower • Dec.’42 to Mar.’43 Stalingrad • What about Stalin’s 2nd Front?

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