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Vietnam War: Origins, Conflicts, and Impact

Explore the turbulent history of the Vietnam War, from Ho Chi Minh's leadership to the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, shaping global dynamics. Unravel the Domino Theory, Geneva Accords, Ngo Dinh Diem's regime, and the US involvement in a divided Vietnam.

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Vietnam War: Origins, Conflicts, and Impact

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  1. Vietnam Background • Ho Chi Minh • Viet Minh • Domino Theory • Geneva Accords • Ngo Dinh Diem • Viet Cong • Ho Chi Minh Trail • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

  2. In the beginning…. • French missionaries went to Indochina in 19th cen. • Vietnamese persecuted those French Catholics • French sent in troops and eventually took over the country

  3. “Uncle Ho” • 1924 - Ho Chi Minh led a movement to oust the French • Helped to create the Indochinese Communist Party • Worked for a free and independent Vietnam

  4. WWII • 1940 French troops left to defend the homeland • Japanese took over Vietnam • Ho helped to fight Japanese • 1945- Free and independent Vietnam • But…French wanted the country back • F. took control of the South • Ho took control of the north

  5. First Vietnam War • War between French and Communist • Commies were led by Ho • US sided w/ France • Truman sent $15 million in aid to France • By 1954, $1billion had gone to help France in Vietnam • Ike continued Truman’s policy

  6. Domino Theory • Why support this war? • Domino theory • Ike said that the countries of SE Asia were like dominos; If one fell to communism, they all would. • French were forced to surrender at Dien Bien Phu

  7. Geneva Accords • Viet Minh & South Vietnam anticommunist nationals • Vietnam was temporarily divided at the 17th parallel • Elections were to be held

  8. Demilitarized Zone (1954) Saigon

  9. Elections • Diem felt that Ho would win the election because of his immense popularity and cancelled the elections • US supported Diem despite his corrupt gov’t • Restricted religion to only Catholicism • Buddhists were persecuted

  10. More Fighting • 1957- Former Viet Minh living in South began to attack Diem’s gov’t • Diem gave this group a nickname • Viet Cong = “Commie” • Ho supported VC by Ho Chi Minh trail • Supplies sent along the border of Laos and Cambodia-around the DMZ

  11. US gets involved • Ike showed some support for Diem • Sent in military advisors to help the South Vietnamese Army fight the VC and the NVA • JFK showed some support for Diem • 1963-16,000 military advisors to S. Vietnam • Diem became more corrupt & cruel

  12. More US • Diem instituted the Strategic Hamlet program • Corralled people into controlled villages • Controlled by Diem • Idea was to deprive VC of support • Actually increased support • VC were fighting using guerilla warfare tactics • Men and women fought

  13. Diem is out • US decided that Diem had to go • Nov. 1, 1963 US led ousting of Diem • Diem was assassinated • Death of Diem made the country even more unstable • Kennedy was prepared to withdraw troops • Deteriorated into a Civil War • JFK died and Lyndon B. Johnson took over

  14. Gulf of Tonkin Incident • USS Maddox fired upon by N.V. patrol boat • Gulf of Tonkin Incident Aug. 2, 1964 • Torpedo missed • Maddox returned fire • Two days later Maddox reported being fired upon • No one saw any gunfire

  15. Gulf of Tonkin cont. • Johnson asked Congress for $$ and support to retaliate • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • Gave LBJ power to “take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the U.S. and to prevent further aggression” • Passed Aug. 7, 1964

  16. Vietnam War • LBJ forgot to tell the people or Congress that the US had been conducting raids on North Vietnam • Feb. 1965 “Operation Rolling Thunder” • Bombing mission of N. Vietnam • Troops began showing up in Vietnam in March • By June, 50,000 troops in South Vietnam fighting the VC

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