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West Beyond the Mississippi .

West Beyond the Mississippi . PROMPT To what extent did the natural environment shape the development of the West beyond the Mississippi and the lives of those lived and settled there? How important were the other factors? .

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West Beyond the Mississippi .

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  1. West Beyond the Mississippi .

  2. PROMPT To what extent did the natural environment shape the development of the West beyond the Mississippi and the lives of those lived and settled there? How important were the other factors? Identify the economic and social effects of the geography west of the Mississippi (Louisiana territory). Identify how other factors affected life in the region.

  3. The Environment

  4. Facts • Louisiana Purchase (1803) • $15 million for around 828,000 square miles • Stretches from the west of the Mississippi River to the east of the Rocky Mountains • Includes future territory of Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Oklahoma, Texas, Wyoming

  5. To what extent did the natural environment shape the development of the West beyond the Mississippi… ECONOMICALLY?

  6. "The 1820s were the transition period, when Arkansas gradually became economically tied to the Southern United States. Before the decade, Arkansas's economy had been dominated by hunting and the trade of animal products (furs, skins, tallow, and buffalo tongues). Neither pursuit vanished, but they became less important to the economy." Hunting of plains animals like bison, elk, and deer was a major occupation

  7. “The lead mines in Wisconsin, Iowa, and also in Missouri were areas of an excitable population.Most of the miners were Southerners. Those in the Driftless region had come by way of the Mississippi from Missouri or Kentucky. They were a speculating, restless, and adventurous type. Also present were foreigners, predominantly Cornish miners and Irish.” Another major source of income was mining in the mountains.

  8. The New lands in the Southwest, then constituting Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, proved ideal for the production of short-staple cotton. Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin solved the problem of separating the seeds from the fibers, and the cotton boom was under way. The open plains west of the Mississippi was good for cotton production.

  9. Trading towns like New Orleans and St. Louis grew in the presence of prominent rivers like the Missouri and Mississippi. "For all its dangers, it was a godsend for the farmers of the Midwest, who found it easier to convey their goods all the way to New Orleans by flatboat than even 40 miles back through the mountains toward the big cities of the East. By the time he was 19, Abraham Lincoln had been down the great river twice, helping local merchants pole their meat, corn, and flour to New Orleans. These were, for the most part, pleasurable trips, featuring stops to trade at the great sugar plantations along the river of Louisiana, though Lincoln was also brought face-to-face with a more disturbing side of the river's economy…" "Once it was established in 1764, the town of St. Louis was perfectly situated to become an interior way-station and outfitting and departure point for those individuals and companies willing to do business in the trans-Mississippi West. Located at the point where the Missouri River and the Mississippi River meet, St. Louis would eventually compete through much of the nineteenth century (with rival upstart Chicago), to be the commercial equivalent of New York City in the American interior."

  10. To what extent did the natural environment shape the development of the West beyond the Mississippi… SOCIALLY?

  11. “The lead mines in Wisconsin, Iowa, and also in Missouri were areas of an excitable population. Most of the miners were Southerners. Those in the Driftless region had come by way of the Mississippi from Missouri or Kentucky. They were a speculating, restless, and adventurous type. Also present were foreigners, predominantly Cornish miners and Irish.” Prospects of jobs and opportunity attracted the Southerners who lived to the east of the Mississippi, as well as immigrants, like those from Germany and Ireland.

  12. "The normal on the Mississippi Valley frontier was the dull work of clearing the forests. The pioneer sought relief in hunting and fishing, in occasional revivalist meetings, or in bottled spirits. But tolerance of disorder, impatience with restraint, and a reliance on self-help were part of life. Also, there was a higher percentage of toughs there than was usual on western frontiers." The pioneers were tougher and more independent. They were outdoorsy, religious, and heavily drank.

  13. "The highlands of the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains were home to subsistence farmers and herders. In this region, there were areas of slave ownership and cotton production, especially along the Arkansas River, and some farmers and herders produced corn and pork, two of the territory's most important products. Vast cotton plantations required the “employment” of slavery.

  14. Other Factors • Indian Removal Act (1830) forced Indians into new territory in the Louisiana area, creating disagreements among the White settlers, native tribes, and the uprooted Indians • Legislations like the Missouri Compromise would limit which territories and states could have slavery, and thus large monopolizing plantations

  15. Danilo Gabriel Aurelio Caroline Celino Cristina Garcia KendrixRingor Leilani Santos Group Leader Group Member Group Member Group Member Group Member

  16. Bibliography: The Louisiana Purchase: A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia. Ed. Junius P. Rodriguez. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2002. Merk, Frederick. "The MIssissippi Valley Frontier and Its Outlets to the Far West." History of the Westward Movement. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1978. 259-264. Feldsmouth, Gregory, et al. AP US History. 8th ed. Piscataway, NJ: Research & Education Association, Inc, 2009. Baker, Kevin. America: The Story of Us. New York: A&E Television Networks, LLC, 2010.

  17. Picture Bibliography: “Explorations Westward” (slide 3) The Louisiana Purchase: A Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia. Ed. Junius P. Rodriguez. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2002. “The Oregon Trail” (slide 6) Albert Bierstadt, "The Oregon Trail", Butler Institute of American Art. Thybony, Scott. "Westward Expansion". Exploring America's History Places. Washington DC: The National Geographic Society, 1997. (slide 8) William Aiken Walker, The Bland Gallery, Inc. Davidson, Marshall. Life in America. Bicentennial edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974. (slide 10) Victor ValentinSebron, "Sugar Levee, New Orleans,” 1853, Tulane University. Davidson, Marshall. Life in America. Bicentennial edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974.

  18. Picture Bibliography: (slide 13) American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming. Thybony, Scott. "Westward Expansion". Exploring America's History Places. Washington DC: The National Geographic Society, 1997.

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