Cheng-Kuo Sung, Professor Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University

1. 從學術與教育界的角度看共通性基礎技術之發展從學術與教育界的角度看共通性基礎技術之發展 Interpreting the Generic Base Technology Development: a Perspective from Academia and Education Discipline  Cheng-Kuo Sung, Professor Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University August 4, 2006

2. Content 1. Introduction 2. Generic Base Technology and Academic Community 3. Academic Participation on the Development of Generic Base Technology 4. Conclusions

3. 1. Introduction (1) Background (2) Significance of Generic Base Technology (a) Definition (b) Features (c) Importance

4. Background • Generic Base Technology: • Vacuum Technology • Bearing and Precision Positioning Technology • Actuator and Transmission Design Emerging Technology • Basic Engineering Disciplines: • Opto-Mechatronic Design: for functionalities, CAD/CAM/CAE, • strength, stiffness, manufacturing, assembly • Material Processing: cutting, forming/molding, heat treatment • Measurement and Quality Control and Assurance • Basic Science Disciplines: • Mathematics Material Science and Engineering • Physics Thermodynamics • Chemistry Solid Mechanics • Biology Fluid Mechanics • History Electronics and Control

5. Intelligent robots Intelligent vehicles • Security robot • Companionate robot • Personification robot Consumer electronics • 360o active security protections • Self-Inclined anti- • rolling control • Digital camera • Optical-disk drive • Cell-phone camera • Projection display • Optics and biological recognition • Detecting control chip • Multi-joint articulating simulation and control • ICT/AI • Navigation and positioning • Multiplex coordinate • Artificial intelligence • Machine Vision • X by Wire • Operation principle • Detecting • control chip • Telematics • ICT Advanced manufacturing/ machine tools • Zoom lens • DVD object lens • Cell-phone lens • Projection lens • Compound machine • Mesoscale machine • R2R ultra-precision manufacturing machine • Basic technology of precision stability • Technology of precision motion control • High reliability technology • Technology of high-reliability radio frequency • High-precision analog design technology • Basic technology of optics and opto- mechatronic design • Manufacturing technology of precision optical component • Cutting performance • Micro-structure manufacturing • System engineering Precision optical instruments • Automatic optical inspection instruments • Stepper • Medical instrument • Aerospace photographs • Optical scanning lens • Photon ion beam • Optics inspecting Product technology Application Generic base technology Key technology From: MSL, ITRI

6. International Status of the Industrial Machinery American enterprise Aero- space etc. German enterprise Industrial machinery Japanese enterprise etc. Automobile Electrical appliances Electronic machines, etc. Taiwanese enterprise South Korean enterprise General application, etc. Category From: ERI, MUS, Japan; MSL, ITRI

7. 14 Ultra-high precision processing (within 2m) Owing to the discrepancy of the precision, stability and repeatability, the added value of equipment of the Europe/Japan is 3~5 times than that of Taiwan 12 Added value 10 8 European/Japan A+ machine 10 ~15 million Precision processing（within 0.01mm） 6 Original precision（within 0.1mm) 4 Element shape material precision Taiwan Intermediate machine 2,000~5,000 thousand 2 0.001 0.01 0.1 (mm) (1m) Manufacturing precision From: Professor Sato, Japan; MSL, ITRI

8. ROKUROKU CEGA-542 YASDA YMC325 OKK VD300 ROKUROKU MEGAIII-400 MAKINO HYPER2J MATSUURA LX-0 ROKUROKU NANO-21 Sodick MC430L SUGINO XionII-5AX Position accuracy 0.1μm Kern Europe /Japan A+ range 0.5μm 1μm 5μm Taiwan range 10μm 300mm 500mm Manufacturing size Because of the growth of 3C industry, the accuracy of the parts of telecommunications and optics, and medical equipment, etc., are required from micron (1μ) to submicron (0.1μ). Machine industry progress From: MSL, ITRI

9. Added Value of the Optical Precision (Example) : Global DSC output value: Plane precision <10nm Manufacturing precision <0.1μm Stepper, DVD, the optic lens of DSC , 2008 (goal) : NTD 500 billion (V) Ultra-high precision Germany / Japan Enterprises Technological level Plane precision < 1μm Manufacturing precision < 3μm (Example) : Output value of the global projector: Microscope lens, projection lens, cell-phone lens Industry's profit (IV) High precision 2008 (estimate) : NTD 60 billion Film Camera lens Scanner Lens Plane precision < 3m Manufacturing precision < 5μm (III) Ordinary precision Taiwan Enterprises Laser Collimator, Safety glass industry (II) General precision From: EOL, ITRI

10. The relationship between the optics precision and added value When precision optical technology applies to measuring instrument, added value may achieve more than several ten- to hundred-times. Stepper hundreds Ultra-high precision Aerospace lens tens Semiconductor high-accuracy optics inspecting ～ ～ Added value 10 Europe / Japan Optics microscope High pixel DSLR optics lens High precision 8 6 HD-DVD,DVD Objective DSC/DV Optics lens Taiwan Micro-Lens 4 Projection Optics lens Cell-phone Camera lens precision 2 Parting line between Taiwan and Europe/Japan Scanner lens 1m 100nm 10nm 1nm) Requirement of optics precision From: Panasonic; EOL, ITRI

11. (2) Significance of Generic Base Technology • Definition: • The basic technology is the infrastructure required by a • certain industry for the development of various products. • It is similar to electricity, water, highway, etc., required • by the government for the development of a new city or • an industrial park. • Features (in general): • Be the infrastructure of a certain industry • May not be a hot/prevailing technology • May be very difficult, having attacked but failed or still in • struggling

12. (2) Significance of Generic Base Technology (Cont.) • Need to build up the capability personally, cannot count on • others • Need dedicate efforts from education, research and industry • Need a long-term plan due to the difficulty of demonstrating • short-term performance • Importance: • Advance enterprise’s competitiveness by establishing/ • upgrading key technologies and components • Increase added values by manufacturing highest-quality • products • Prevent disordered competition and promote brand by setting • up the quality-differentiating capability

13. 2. Generic Base Technology and Academic Community • Academic Duty • Possible Difficulties • (a) Barriers between Industrial and Academia • Collaboration • (b) Taiwan’s Particular Situation

14. (1) Academic Duty • Universities are in a dynamic equilibrium with society. They act as conservators of its history and archivists of its highest cultural attainments. On the other hand, they are seen as leaders, adventuring into new knowledge domains, developing transforming technologies, as serving as the seedbed for novel and often disturbing ideas. • Academic duties include: • preparing, teach, mentor, serve the university, discover, publish, tell the truth, reach beyond the walls, change From: Academic Duty, by Donald Kennedy

15. (2) Possible Difficulties – Barriers between Industrial and Academia Collaboration • The governmental laws prohibit from in-depth interactions • between universities and enterprises. • The university emphasizes on the advancement of emerging • science and technology and/or technology development; the • enterprise on the commercialization of technology. • The university is interested in the topics that and need • longer time to attack, even is interested in the processes • rather than results; the enterprise wants the prompt • commercialization of research results. From: 蕭萬長、蘇顯揚，工商時報，July 1, 2006.

16. (2) Possible Difficulties (Cont.) • The university investigates the principles first and then find • applications; the enterprise adopts the consumers’ needs and • then finds solutions. – Taiwan’s particular situation: • The academic community evaluates professors’ performance • by accountable data, e.g., SCI papers, but disregards the • quality of research, teaching, services to industry and • academic community, etc. • Technical universities are very similar to common universities • except the source of students, but their resources are much • more insufficient because they conduct the same research • activities as the common universities.

17. (2) Possible Difficulties (Cont.) • The government sets policies to guide/regulate universities, so • universities count heavily on her, and don’t want to or can’t to • take their own responsibilities. • The business model for Taiwanese enterprises has been in • OEM for decades, most of their efforts are on manufacturing • the products with low price but acceptable quality. There is • no need for design and R&D. • China provides the best opportunity for Taiwanese enterprises • to survive, it may slow down the needs for upgrading products’ • quality and technology.

18. 3. Academic Participation on the Development of Generic Base Technology (1) The Role of Academic Community (2) Academic Participation (3) Examples – Nanoimprint

19. (1) The Role of Academic Community – To train students with in-depth knowledge of basic science and engineering, or with high-quality hands-on skill but with modern technology – To walk into companies and offer courses on basic/modern knowledge to engineers in comply with corporate’s day-to-day needs or new-product developing projects – To act as a consultant for particular purposes – To conduct cooperative research projects on short-term or long-term basis. Professor David Ewins’ 16-year experience between Emperor College and Rocyrolles has been providing a successful model of Industrial-Academia cooperation.

20. (2) Academic Participation Physics Chemistry Electrical Engineering Chemical Engineering Materials Engineering Universities Basic researches Biology Opto- electronics Engineering Mechanical Engineering Micro/Nano Fabrication NSC, MOE, MOEA sponsored Industrial-Academia Cooperation Platform Machine Tools MIRDC Research institutes Applied researches Industries Market demands Biomedical Equipment Energy Fabrication Equipment CSIST Optical Equipment ITRI

21. Cooperation among industries, universities and institutes Optical components factory Inspect equipment factory Industries Product development and production Optical system factory ITRI Design and control of the interfaces Micro-structure fabrication of precision curved surfaces Optics mold factory Opto-electronics department Universities, colleges and institutes Talents fostering Basic researches Other institutes Precision processing Mechanism-component manufacturing Mechanical, optical and electrical integration department Mechanical department From: EOL, ITRI

22. Accreditation Talent fostering project supported by MOE Integration and shearing among industries, research institutes and universities Featuring courses and labs Visit of industries and research institutes Competition of hands-on experiments Research Institutes MOE sponsored Industrial-Academia Cooperation Platform Sponsorship from other governmental office Cooperation with international universities Industries Universities Competitiveness Talents fostering

23. (3) Example - Nanoimprint – For developing a nanoimprint equipment, the required technologies and key components include: • Laser heating technology • Vacuum technology • Molding technology • Control technology for precision force and position/velocity • Precision positioning technology • Precision machine design technology • System integration technology • Environmental and cleaning technology • Reliability design technology

24. Intelligent robots Intelligent vehicles • Security robot • Companionate robot • Personification robot Consumer electronics • 360o active security protections • Self-Inclined anti- • rolling control • Digital camera • Optical-disk drive • Cell-phone camera • Projection display • Optics and biological recognition • Detecting control chip • Multi-joint articulating simulation and control • ICT/AI • Navigation and positioning • Multiplex coordinate • Artificial intelligence • Machine Vision • X by Wire • Operation principle • Detecting • control chip • Telematics • ICT Advanced manufacturing/ machine tools • Zoom lens • DVD object lens • Cell-phone lens • Projection lens • Compound machine • Mesoscale machine • R2R ultra-precision manufacturing machine • Basic technology of precision stability • Technology of precision motion control • High reliability technology • Technology of high-reliability radio frequency • High-precision analog design technology • Basic technology of optics and opto- mechatronic design • Manufacturing technology of precision optical component • Cutting performance • Micro-structure manufacturing • System engineering Precision optical instruments • Automatic optical inspection instruments • Stepper • Medical instrument • Aerospace photographs • Optical scanning lens • Photon ion beam • Optics inspecting Product technology Application Generic base technology Key technology From: MSL, ITRI

25. 4. Conclusions • The highly industrialized countries usually possess higher • level of generic base technology, so it seems to be a gateway • towards sophisticate culture and high standard of living. • Generic base technology is the key not only for upgrading • existing Taiwanese product into higher quality but also • for entering into new product development. • To promote the development of generic base technology • involves the change of Taiwanese culture and custom. • Taiwan’s natural resources are relatively insufficient, an • efficient but effective platform needs to be constructed to • accumulate and share the endeavor from industries, research • institutes and universities. • Thanks to Professor Richard C. T. Lee’s sensible observations • and carefulness.