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1. Developing a Shared Strategic Planning FrameworkA Presentation to the OEWG on thePost-2020 Global Biodiversity FrameworkNairobi Kenya, August 2019Nick Salafsky, PhD Use slide show view to see animation

2. About Foundations of Success Our Structure • Non-profit organization working globally Our Mission • To improve the practice of conservation Our Strategy • Improve the design, management, monitoring, and learning from conservation projects and programs We don’t implement conservation work, we make our partner’s conservation work better!!

3. About the Conservation Measures PartnershipA global community of practice of NGOs, funders & gov’t agencies

4. Aims of INF SessionsWe are planning two sessions… Tuesday Lunch – Introduction to Key Concepts: • Why a shared strategic planning framework is important • Five layers of a strategic planning framework (structure, NOT content) - Intro to each layer - Work done to date on similar frameworks - Criteria for a ‘good’ layer • How CBD might use this info to develop its Post 2020 framework? Thursday Lunch – Questions, Discussion & Next Steps: • Please put questions on cards (or come find us to discuss)

5. Why a Standard Strategic Planning Framework?A simple species example… These identical entries seem totally different!!

6. Why a Standard Strategic Planning Framework?A shared framework enables… • Common understanding of the problem & solutions • Effective coordination of both actions & funding • Standard targets & metrics that scale across site, national & global levels • Efficient reporting to key stakeholders • Enhanced learning & improvements

7. OVERVIEW5 Layer Structure of a Strategic Planning Framework #1. Shared modelof the situation #2. Consistent terms for factors in the model #3. Hierarchical classifications for key factors of the model #4. Standard indicators & goals/targets to describecurrent & desired future status of each type of factor #5. Common data standards to describe & map each factor

8. Layer #1. Shared Model of ConservationFactors in a typical conservation situation at any scale… Model can be more complex & non-linear! Benefits &services for humans Human behaviorsdirectly affecting biodiversity Things we can do to change the situation Things that drive these humanbehaviors Biodiversity we care about

9. Layer #2. Consistent Terms for Factors In the ModelCan we agree on a shared term for each factor? Benefits &services for humans Human behaviorsdirectly affecting biodiversity Things we can do to change the situation Things that drive these humanbehaviors Biodiversity we care about

10. Layer #2. Consistent Terms for Factors In the ModelCan we agree on a shared term for each factor? Vision = What we want Mission = How we will do it Benefits &services for humans Human behaviorsdirectly affecting biodiversity Things we can do to change the situation Things that drive these humanbehaviors Biodiversity we care about It doesn’t matter what terms are used… …as long as we all agree!!

11. Criteria for TermsA ‘good’ set of terms maximizes the following criteria… • Clear & brief terms that new users can understand • Maintains established CBD use of terms • Fitsplanning literature / other disciplines’ use of terms • Sensitive to translation issues to avoid confusion in other languages

12. Applying These Concepts to Existing FrameworksBoth current Aichi and SDG targets are a mix of different model factors Targets are a mix of model factors

13. OVERVIEW5 Layer Structure of a Strategic Planning Framework #1. Shared modelof the situation #2. Consistent terms for factors in the model #3. Hierarchical classifications for key factors of the model Please use cards for questions… Your Name / Country:(Optional) Your Question or Comment:

14. Layer #3. Hierarchical Classifications for Each FactorCan we agree on standard subdivisions for each factor type? • Cows? • Cattle? • Livestock? • Grazing? • Ranching? Benefits &services for humans Human behaviorsdirectly affecting biodiversity Things we can do to change the situation Things that drive these humanbehaviors Biodiversity we care about

15. IUCN & CMP Standard Classifications These cover threats (pink boxes) and actions (yellow hexagons)… IUCN Red ListAuthority Files CMPTaxonomies CMP Conservation Biology (2008) 22: 897-911 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x Unified GlobalClassifications

16. Criteria for ClassificationsA ‘good’ classification maximizes the following criteria… • Simple - Uses clear language & examples understandable by practitioners • Hierarchical - Creates a logical way of grouping items related to one another to facilitate meaningful analyses at different levels • Comprehensive - Contains all possible items at higher levels of hierarchy • Consistent - Ensures that entries at a given level are of the same type • Expandable - Enables new items to be added if they are discovered • Exclusive - Allows any item to only be placed in one part of hierarchy • Scalable - Permits the same terms to be used at all geographic scales

17. Examples of ClassificationsThreats classification is hierarchical…

18. Examples of Classifications…and the threats classification is also comprehensive. • Residential & commercial development • Agriculture & aquaculture • Energy production & mining • Transportation & service corridors • Biological resource use • Human intrusions & disturbance • Natural system modifications • Invasive & other problematic species & genes • Pollution • Geological events • Climate change & severe weather All possible threats fit in Level 1

19. Examples of ClassificationsOne example of an actions classification…

20. Applying These Criteria to Post 2020 Global FrameworkThere are established international classifications for most factors… Benefits &services for humans Human behaviorsdirectly affecting biodiversity Things we can do to change the situation Things that drive these humanbehaviors Biodiversity we care about Don’t expect classification here; it is basically a catalogue of everything in the universe!! There are good starting points for most factors…

21. Hierarchical Classifications Help Manage ScaleAs you change scale, you may need to change the ‘units’ of your model… 100 m view: Small roads/creeks 10,000 m view: Highways/rivers

22. Hierarchical Classifications Help Manage ScaleAs you change scale, you may need to change the ‘units’ of your model… Rainforests Boreal Forests Peat Swamp Forests

23. OVERVIEW5 Layer Structure of a Strategic Planning Framework #1. Shared modelof the situation #2. Consistent terms for factors in the model #3. Hierarchical classifications for key factors of the model #4. Standard indicators & goals/targets to describecurrent & desired future status of each type of factor

24. Layer #4. Current & Desired Future Status of FactorsAll the factors in our model are ‘things’… Benefits &services for humans Human behaviorsdirectly affecting biodiversity Things we can do to change the situation Things that drive these humanbehaviors Biodiversity we care about

25. Layer #4. Current & Desired Future Status of FactorsWe need concepts and terms to describe the status of these things… Benefits &services for humans Human behaviorsdirectly affecting biodiversity Things we can do to change the situation Things that drive these humanbehaviors Biodiversity we care about The purple triangle shows current status… …the blue oval shows where we want to be in the future

26. Layer #4. Current & Desired Future Status of FactorsIf we agree on the concepts, we then need to come up with terms…. Benefits &services for humans Human behaviorsdirectly affecting biodiversity Things we can do to change the situation Things that drive these humanbehaviors Biodiversity we care about Goal: Targets Goal: Targets Goal: Targets Goal: Targets I I I I Some people use “objective” instead of “goal” for box factors Goal: Targets Indicator Goal: Targets

27. Criteria for Targets‘Good’ targets meet the SMART criteria… Definition of SMART Criteria • Specific - Clearly defined so that all people have the same understanding of what it means  • Measurable - Definable in relation to some standard scale (numbers, percentage, fractions, or all/nothing states)  • Achievable - Practical and appropriate within the political, social, and financial context • Results-Oriented - Represents necessary changes in key factors in the framework   • Time Limited - Achievable within a specific period of time Human behaviorsdirectly affecting biodiversity Biodiversity we care about Goal: Targets Goal: Targets I I Is ‘Not SMART’ more like a ‘goal’? Examples of SMART Targets: - Not SMART: Save boreal forests - SMART: By 2030, there has been no more than 5% net loss of boreal forest ecosystem in Country X compared to 2020 baseline - Not SMART: Sustainable agricultural production - SMART: After 2025, no new forest lands in Country X are converted for agricultural crop production

28. Targets & Indicators Can Roll-Up & Down Across ScalesExample of relationship between targets / indicators at different scales… Indicators ideally use existing available data (eg Global Forest Watch!)

29. Applying These Concepts to Existing Frameworks‘Targets’ express desired future status, but most are not SMART… But too detailed??

30. OVERVIEW5 Layer Structure of a Strategic Planning Framework #1. Shared modelof the situation #2. Consistent terms for factors in the model #3. Hierarchical classifications for key factors of the model #4. Standard indicators & goals/targets to describecurrent & desired future status of each type of factor #5. Common data standards to describe & map each factor Your Name / Country:(Optional) Your Question or Comment:

31. Layer #5. Data Standards to Roll Up & Map FactorsFinally, we need the ability to capture, roll-up & share key information… Rollup examples: • # of breeding pairs cranes restored • ha of crane breeding habitat protected Country A API Country B Country C The key is a common data standard (API) used by all countries

32. Again, why data standards matterA simple species example… These identical entries seem totally different!!

33. Layer #5. Data Standards to Roll Up & Map FactorsSpatial maps are a critical part of this data system… Data Standards: If we have a common data framework, much of this data only needs to be collected & analyzed once across the conservation community… and key factors can be shared across all interested parties The Power of Maps: • Communicate to decision makers • Manage scale & complexity • Enable common reporting Chimpanzee Population Livestock Threat Action X Action Y Project 2

34. Guidelines for Data Standards‘Good’ data standards maximize the following criteria… • Build on existing frameworks & data standards (eg Dublin Core, Darwin Core) • Allow for hierarchical scale • Consider both data entry & usage • Avoid re-entry of data • Specify the minimum amount of data & meta-data as mandatory

35. OVERVIEW5 Layer Structure of a Strategic Planning Framework #1. Shared modelof the situation #2. Consistent terms for factors in the model #3. Hierarchical classifications for key factors of the model #4. Standard indicators & goals/targets to describecurrent & desired future status of each type of factor #5. Common data standards to describe & map each factor

36. Typical Steps to Develop a ‘Good’ Planning FrameworkAn agile user-centered approach for developing a framework includes… • Focus on the 5 layers required for a framework in descending order and agree on the structure for your framework: • building on existing frameworks for each layer wherever possible • keep in mind the criteria for ‘good’ for each layer • Solicit and incorporate feedback from a wide range of users so that your framework’s structure meets their needs • Use the structure to start the content negotiations • You may find you have to revisit the structure of the framework as you develop your content

37. For More Information / Questions • Put questions & comments on cards for Thursday INF session • Send me a message: email: nick@fosonline.org SMS text: + 1 301 346 2297 • Come find me during this week