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Ancient Southwest: Pre-Spanish Era Cultures & Trade

Explore the diverse ancient cultures of the Southwest region before Spanish colonization, focusing on Ancestral Puebloans and trade routes. Discover their way of life, trade connections, and the impact of climate change on their civilizations.

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Ancient Southwest: Pre-Spanish Era Cultures & Trade

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  1. Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going • Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and approaches to the “Southwest”

  2. Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going • Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and the “Southwest” • Week 3: Where Did Indians Come From?

  3. Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going • Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and the “Southwest” • Week 3: Where Did Indians Come From? • Today: What was the World of Indians like before Spaniards arrived?

  4. Where We Have Been, Where We Are Going • Weeks 1 and 2: Defining “History” and the “Southwest” • Week 3: Where did Indians come From? • Today: What was the World of Indians like before Spaniards arrived? • Thursday: Reading Discussion and Intro to Spanish Colonization

  5. What was the Southwest Like Before Spaniards Arrived? SW History: 9.13.2011

  6. Major Theme • The Southwest was a shifting, dynamic, chaotic world before the arrival of Europeans

  7. Major Cultures/Civilizations before 1300 • Hohokam: Irrigation • Mogollon: Pottery • Ancestral Puebloans: Dry-land Farmers and Villagers

  8. Ancestral Puebloans • Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D.

  9. Ancestral Puebloans • Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D. • How did they live? • Dry Farming

  10. Dry-Land Farming

  11. Three Staples: Corn, bean, squash…

  12. “Anasazi” Enchilada?

  13. Ancestral Puebloans • Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D. • How did they live? • Dry Farming • Hunting

  14. Most Common Meat…

  15. Ancestral Puebloans • Inhabited the 4 Corners Region from as early as 1500 B.C. through around 1200 A.D. • How did they live? • Dry Farming • Hunting • Trade

  16. Traditional Southwestern Trade Routes

  17. The Meso-American Connection • Luxury Items • "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big TIme"

  18. The Meso-American Connection • Luxury Items • "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time” • Cultural Practices • Hohokam Ball Courts • Religious Similarities: War and Fertility

  19. The Meso-American Connection • Luxury Items • "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time” • Cultural Practices • Hohokam Ball Courts • Religious Similarities • Language: Uto-Aztecan

  20. The Meso-American Connection • Luxury Items • "Pueblos Traded for Chocolate Big Time” • Cultural Practices • Hohokam Ball Courts • Religious Similarities • Language: Uto-Aztecan • Original Homeland of Aztecs • Aztlán

  21. Aztlán: the Aztec Connection to the Southwest

  22. So What Happened? • Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change • Drought and Resource Scarcity

  23. So What Happened? • Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change • Drought and Resource Scarcity • Warfare and Political Crisis

  24. Injuries in Human Remains…

  25. Cliffside Dwelling

  26. So What Happened? • Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change • Drought and Resource Scarcity • Warfare and Political Crisis • Mass Migrations

  27. So What Happened? • Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change • Drought and Resource Scarcity • Warfare and Political Crisis • Mass Migrations • Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) move south, becoming Modern PuebloanPeople

  28. Post-1300 Puebloan Villages

  29. So What Happened? • Post-1200 A.D. Climate Change • Drought and Resource Scarcity • Warfare and Political Crisis • Mass Migrations • Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) move south, becoming Modern PuebloanPeople • Athapaskan or (Apachean) groups move south and east, establishing trade with Puebloans

  30. Athapaskan (Apachean) Migrations

  31. Conclusions • The Southwest was connected to the wider world via trade • Climate change and its social consequences shift human settlement in the region • By 1500, Ancestral Puebloans (Anasazi) had integrated into modern Pueblo communities of today, establishing an East-West trade with Plains Indians

  32. Key Theme • The Southwest was a shifting, dynamic, chaotic world before the arrival of Europeans

  33. Reading For Next Time For Thursday, be sure to read p. 58-86 of your reading packet from "The Pueblo Indian World." Rumor has it there may be a reading quiz on this reading. From the "Commentaries" section (starting on p. 87) you should be sure to read p. 99-100; 101-105; and 117-118.

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