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La Historia de

La Historia de. España. Jade Jones. España. Capital. Madrid, España. Background.

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La Historia de

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  1. La Historia de España Jade Jones

  2. España

  3. Capital Madrid, España

  4. Background Spain's powerful world empire of the 16th and 17th centuries ultimately yielded command of the seas to England. Subsequent failure to embrace the mercantile and industrial revolutions caused the country to fall behind Britain, France, and Germany in economic and political power. Spain remained neutral in World Wars I and II, but suffered through a devastating civil war (1936-39).

  5. Background In the second half of the 20th century, Spain has played a catch-up role in the western international community. Continuing challenges included further reductions in unemployment.

  6. La Bandera (The Flag) the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the Pillars of Hercules

  7. Geography Coordinates: 40 00N, 4 00WLocation: Southwestern Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Pyrenees Mountains, southwest of France Climate: temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast

  8. Terrain: large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north Natural Hazards: periodic droughts Natural Resources: coal, lignite, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, uranium, tungsten, mercury, pyrites, magnesite, fluorspar, gypsum, sepiolite, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land Environmental Issues: pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; water quality and quantity nationwide; air pollution; deforestation; desertification Geography

  9. People Population: 40,491,051Population Growth Rate: 0.096%Nationality: noun: Spaniard(s) ; adjective: Spanish Languages: Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% note: Castilian is the official language nationwide; the other languages are official regionally Religions: Roman Catholic 94%, other 6% Ethnicities: composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types

  10. People Health Expenditure: 0.0% of GDPHealth Issues: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:0.7% HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:140,000 HIV/AIDS - deaths: less than 1,000

  11. PEOPLE Age Structure…

  12. Government Government Type: parliamentary monarchy

  13. Government Legal System: civil law system, with regional applications; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Military Expenditure: 1.2% of GDPMilitary Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force (Ejercito del Aire, EdA), Marines

  14. Government Administrative Divisions: 19

  15. Government Political Parties & Leaders: Basque Nationalist Party or PNV Canarian Coalition Convergence and Union Entesa Catalonia de Progress Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG Party of Independents from Lanzarote Popular Party or PP Republican Left of Catalonia Spanish Socialist Workers Party United Left

  16. Economy Economic Overview: The Spanish economy boomed from 1986 to 1990, averaging 5% annual growth. After a European-wide recession in the early 1990s, the Spanish economy resumed moderate growth starting in 1994. The Socialist president, RODRIGUEZ ZAPATERO, has made mixed progress in carrying out key structural reforms, which need to be accelerated and deepened to sustain Spain's strong economic growth. Despite the economy's relative solid footing significant downside risks remain, including Spain's continued loss of competitiveness, the potential for a housing market collapse, the country's changing demographic profile and a decline in EU structural funds.

  17. ECONOMY Country Currency: euro (EUR)

  18. Quick Fact: Currency • In January 2002, euro was made the official currency of Spain.

  19. ECONOMY

  20. ECONOMY Population Below Poverty Line: 19.8%Inflation Rate: 2.8%Unemployment Rate: 8.3%

  21. ECONOMY Labor Force (By Occupation): agriculture: 5.3% industry: 30.1% services: 64.6%

  22. ECONOMY Industries: textiles and apparel (including footwear) food and beverages metals and metal manufactures chemicals shipbuilding automobiles machine tools tourism

  23. ECONOMY Exports: $252,400,000,000Export Partners: France Germany Portugal Italy UK US Export Commodities: machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, other consumer goods

  24. ECONOMY Imports: $373,600,000,000Import Partners: Germany France Italy China UK NetherlandsImport Commodities: machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods; foodstuffs, consumer goods

  25. ECONOMY External Debt: $2,047,000,000,000Economic Aid Status: RecipientEconomic Aid Total: $3,814,000,000

  26. Quick Fact: History Spain was among the mostpowerful empires in the world during the 16th century.

  27. Quick Fact: Culture • Spaniards habitually stand close and will, from time to time, touch one another on the shoulder while talking.

  28. Quick Fact: Poverty The low birthrate registered in Spain is the result of the high unemployment. These factors make it difficult for most people in Spain to buy houses big enough to accommodate more than two kids.

  29. Quick Fact: Culture • Spaniards place a lot of importance on what others think of them.

  30. Wedding Customs If you attend a wedding where the culture has been influenced by Spain, Spanish wedding customs may be very much in play. When looking at wedding customs, Spain has some of the more traditional and colorful customs in the world. They are practiced widely in South and Central America.

  31. Wedding Customs The Dress and Shirt In true Spanish wedding tradition the bride will wear a traditional silk, black dress with an accompanying black lace veil held in place by combs. A bride from the Andalusia region may wear a flamingo style dress to honor the old Spanish wedding customs of that region. The bride is expected to embroider a groom's wedding shirt to wear at the wedding ceremony.

  32. Wedding Customs The Flowers In Seville, brides carry orange blossom bouquets or wear wreaths or tiaras decorated with orange blossoms. This is to symbolize a life of happiness and fulfillment for the couple. In the Andalusia region, brides prefer pink and white garlands whereas Castillian brides wear white flowers.

  33. Wedding Customs The Escorts The bride's father has the job of making sure the groom does not see her until the beginning of the wedding ceremony. He then escorts her to the church for the ceremony. The groom walks his mother down the aisle to her seat in a pew at the front of the church.

  34. Wedding Customs The Ceremony In accordance with Spanish wedding customs, the wedding ceremony is held in the early evening. As part of the ceremony, the groom presents the bride with 13 coins in a bag or a box. This is said to represent Jesus and his apostles that gives it a religious connotation. It also is a pledge by the groom that he will always support his wife. The coins are blessed by the priest during the ceremony. In some ceremonies, the bride and groom are wrapped with a Lasso in the shape of a rosary. This is done after the vows have been taken and insures the protection of the union. Some couples are wrapped by the Lasso at the reception. The bride and groom will exchange rings and the priest will bless them. The rings are placed on the ring finger of the right hand.

  35. Wedding Customs The Reception When the newlyweds exit the church, they are greeted by fireworks and applause by family and friends. The festivities have begun. You can usually hear a Mariachi band filling the hall with Latin and Spanish music. Dancing is expected. Spanish wedding customs will always include the bride and groom dancing to the SequidillasManchegas, the traditional wedding dance.

  36. Wedding Customs The Food One thing you are bound to see at the reception are wedding cookies flavored with almonds and different spices. A seafood dish is usually the main course but you may see a more native dish called Paella being served. Local wines and Sangria are served in abundance. The wedding cake more than likely is filled with fresh fruit and almonds.

  37. Wedding Customs The Wedding Favors and Fun The bride and groom will give their guests small wedding favors. The Groom will also give the men cigars at some time during the reception. The bride will give the women who are single small pins that are worn upside down. A Spanish wedding custom says that if a woman looses the pin during the reception she is believed to be the next to get married. The bride will also toss her bouquet to the women who are single; whoever catches it is believed to be next to get married.

  38. Quick Fact: Marriage • Spain legalized gay marriage in June 2005 despite strong opposition from the Catholic Church.  

  39. Men’s Traditional Dress

  40. Women’s Traditional dress Traditional Spanish dresses are conservative and tend to be non-flashy colors and would include traditional clothing used in festivals which are numerous in all Spanish cities and also in bullfights. Traditional dress would not be complete without the wide brimmed hat worn by men. Shoes are another important facet of traditional Spanish dressing. A typical traditional Spanish dress for men would include black trousers tightly worn and short jackets while the ladies would wear an exquisite frilly flamenco dress. Down the years Spain held on to a lot of their traditional dress styles even when they went out of fashion. This was the main reason why Spain gave its title as the center for European fashion to other European fashion conscious places like Paris and London.

  41. Quick fact: Bullfighting • Bullfighting in Spain, which is regarded as an art as well as a popular attraction, is its biggest and most controversial sport. Bullfighting is a central part of Spanish history, art and culture and there are bull rings in all important cities and even a few minor ones.

  42. Music in spain The Music of Spain has a vibrant and long history which has had an important impact on music in Western culture. Although the music of Spain is often associated with traditions like flamenco and the spanish guitar, Spanish music is in fact incredibly diverse from region to region. Flamenco, for example, is an Andalusian musical genre, which, contrary to popular belief, is not widespread outside that region. In contrast, the music of Galicia has more in common with its Celtic cousins in Ireland and France than with the unique Basque music right next door. Other regional styles of folk music abound in Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Castile, Llión and Asturias. The contemporary music scene in Spain, centered in Madrid and Barcelona, has made strong contributions to contemporary music within the areas of Pop, rock, hip hop, and heavy metal music. Spain has also had an important role within the history of classical music from Renaissance composers like Tomás Luis de Victoria to the zarzuela of Spanish opera to the passionate ballets of Manuel de Falla and the guitarist Pepe Romero.

  43. The Flamenco Guitar The guitar was introduced to Spain through the Caliphate of Córdoba in the: Ninth Century A.D., and although we are reasonably sure of the evolutionary process of the Cante, no one knows quite for certain when the guitar was first used to accompany Flamenco. I suspect it occurred initially in the early stages of the music, and have thus included an example of Nubian oud praying on the cassette. The oud is the forerunner to the l and is played usually with an eagle feather. This plucking technique is very similar to the function of the thumb in Flamenco guitar playing. The oud is a lower pitched instrument, but one hears definite traces of the oud in the playing of Benitez El De Alcalá in example number 3, as well as Roman El Granaíno in example number 5. Again, the "Cana" in example two is perhaps the oldest style of Flamenco we know of: the singer is encouraged by shouts of '01e’!", which comes from the Arabic "Allah!".

  44. FLAMENCO Flamenco music is one of the most technically demanding, yet least understood musics in the world today, Part of the blame lies squarely on the shoulders of what I usually refer to as "Tourist Flamenco", with its artificial emotion and showy (and often badly played) guitar stylings, Current recordings are frequently not much help, as guitarists like Manitas de Plata, or "Little Hands of Silver" (known in Spain as "Manitas de Plomo", or Little Hands of Lead) have managed to land themselves recording contracts with major record companies, while true artists like Melchor de Marchena remain in relative obscurity. Part of the reason for this is the fact that the true Flamenco artist generally finds himself uncomfortable in a recording situation and is not able, or in fact refuses, to produce. The preferred venue is the "juerga", an authentic Flamenco atmosphere usually occurring at random, in any location, with much to drink, and with only a few other Flamencos and "Aficionado" present. The juerga atmosphere is extremely difficult to record, as the greatness of the music sometimes occurs sporadically, and can be destroyed in a second by what may be perceived as an inappropriate word or action.

  45. FLAMENCO: History Some scholars of Flamenco believe that CanteJondo evolved out of a mixture of early Byzantine, Arab, Jewish and Gypsy cultures in Andalucía.   At the time the Gypsies arrived, Christian, Jewish and Muslim music all existed in both liturgical and vernacular forms in much of Spain, including Andalcía.   An edict issued in 1492 by Isabella the Catholic required all Jews to convert to Catholicism or leave the country. Those who refused blended in as they were able, as did Christian fugitives and dissenters.  The Gypsies, who had themselves been expelled from India by Tamerlane in 1400 had gradually moved into this region as well.

  46. FLAMENCO: The language I must make mention here of the particular dialect of Flamenco, as well as its non-Spanish influences, I know several Spaniards who have a difficult time understanding the dialect known as "Andalúz," and for Americans who understand a little Spanish, Flamenco records can present a real challenge.

  47. FLAMENCO: The mood The essential mood of the 'cante', like many American Blues songs, is one of despair and tortured emotions. This "penanegra", or black sorrow, can be expressed profoundly merely by the mournful repetition of the word "Ay! The Siguiriya has been described as singing of "pains without possible consolation, wounds that will never close, crimes without human redemption... the lament of the earth that will never be the sky, the sea that knows no limits, the good-bye eternal, forever". It is the exposure of one's soul stripped bare.

  48. Quick Fact: Dating Teenagers in Spain normally start dating in groups when they are around 14 years of age and as couples at age 18.

  49. Quick Fact: Dating • Instead of calling on a girl at her home, a boy usually prefers meeting her at a prearranged venue.

  50. SPORTS Soccer happens to be the most popular spectator sport in Spain. The important matches see the fans crowding homes as well as local bars.

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